Saturday Creek

https://issuu.com/burwellm/docs/cirque_14_-_fullYe

Leaving Egypt

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Influenza Vaccination of young children or Antibody Immune Response and Protection after Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Children – A Literature Review

Influenza virus infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in at risk populations. Children, especially under the age of two, are at an increased risk of complications associated with influenza virus infection. Evidence suggests that a single dose of influenza vaccine does not adequately protect children against circulating influenza virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices (ACIP) recommends two doses of influenza vaccine, spaced at least four weeks apart, before the beginning of the influenza season for children between the ages of 6 months through 8 years receiving influenza vaccine for the first time. The initial dose is thought to prime the immune system, and the second dose is thought to mount a protective antibody response. We conducted a systematic literature review to summarize current evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that compared immunogenicity and vaccine effectiveness (VE) after one or two doses of influenza vaccine in children to evaluate the evidence basis for the CDC recommendations. The search identified 727 unique articles and 82 were screened in full text for eligibility. A total of 26 studies met inclusion criteria, 16 immunogenicity and 10 VE studies. Overall, the evidence demonstrates increased immunogenicity and VE after two doses of influenz

Rising

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Enabling and disabling discourses in promoting RPLO policy and practice in Higher Education

This paper is not available through ChesterRep. It can be accessed at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/194344.pdfThis paper captures and presents some of the powerful and sometimes contradictory discourses, which limit the diffusion and uptake of the recognition of prior learning outcomes (RPLO) in higher education: quality, funding, capacity, and student experience. Each of these is analysed and ‘opened up’ (Derrida, 1978; Bhabha, 1994). In doing so, it aims to ‘open up’ some of those discourses for practitioners and/or leaders to initiate or develop policy and practice in institutions further afield (Kemmis, 2008). The data that forms the basis of this paper was generated through various action research projects in a UK University and multiple development events in the UK.Leonardo da Vinci RPLO projec

A framework for judging the ‘quality’ of first-person-action-research projects on the work based & integrative studies (WBIS) programme: Extracts from a practitioner research Masters dissertation

How do we judge the quality of ‘reflective research’ projects? This paper presents extracts from a practitioner research project undertaken in 2007 which develops a framework to answer this question. The original contents page is presented at the end of this paper, for reference

Laying hens in furnished cages

Concern for the welfare of laying hens housed in conventional cages has led to a change of the Animal Welfare Legislation in Sweden, implying that cages must provide possibilities for hens to lay eggs in a nest, to rest on a perch and to use litter. Such requirements are also being considered within the whole European Union. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the general knowledge of, and further development of, furnished cages, both as regards birds’ use of facilities and their welfare, as well as with regard to production. The furnished cages housed 6 to 16 birds and the genotypes included were the commercial hybrids Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL), Hy-Line White and Hy-Line Brown. Passive Integrated Transponders were used in order to record individual bird’s use of litter baths, nests and passages through pop holes in larger cages divided into two halves. With some exceptions, nest and perches were generally used by 80-90% of the birds, and nest use was affected by nest design. There was a very large variation in the number of days individual birds visited the litter bath, and almost 30% of the birds never entered the baths. Frequent use of litter affected neither a hen’s exterior appearance (feather cover, pecking wounds) nor her estimated level of stress. Providing cages for larger groups of hens with a partition with pop holes, in order to improve their escape possibilities, did not affect any of the measured welfare traits. However, the pop holes were frequently used and the cage proved to work in all practical aspects. Two different measures to reduce egg shell cracks, both reducing the speed of the eggs on their way out of the nest, proved to be very efficient. Egg production and mortality rates were normal and similar to levels recorded in conventional cages. Differences in behaviour, indicators of stress and fear, exterior egg quality and exterior appearance were identified between genotypes. In conclusion, most birds found nests and perches attractive, whereas litter was used to varying extents. With inexpensive measures to reduce egg cracks, the proportion of cracks can be reduced to the level found in conventional cages