SCHOOL EAR,NOSEAND THROAT DISEASES SCREENING PROGRAMME IN LAGOS,NIGERIA

Background: Ear, nose and throat disease remain a common diseases in children in developing countries. It is usually wrongly or late diagnosed or complicated at presentation to Otorhinolaryngologist. is study aimed at determines the common ear, nose and throat diseases and their prevalence in children at studied age group with possible responsible factor. Materials and method: It is a prospective study of pupils in a private nursery (preschool) and primary school in urban area of Lagos, Nigeria. Inform consent was obtained from parent or guardian through the parent-teachers association of the school. A total of 512 consented subjects were enrolled into the study between March 2015 and February 2016. Data obtained were collated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: A total of 512 pupils were enrolled into the study with male: female ratio 1:1. Commonest age group were 0-5 years. Normal otorhinolaryngological findings was noted in minority population 71 (13.9%) of our enrollee. Ear, nose and throat diseases accounted for 54.1%, 55.3% and 18.0% respectively. Earwax impaction 23.0% accounted for the commonest ear pathology. Other common ear diseases were otitis media with effusion, hearing loss and otitis externa were 15.0%, 8.3% and 5.1% respectively. Nasal diseases were found to be 26.2%, allergic rhinitis 12.1%, infective rhinitis and 9.4% adenoid enlargement. Distribution of throat diseases were 9.0% tonsillitis and 5.5%speech disorders. About 98.0% had past history of ear, nose or throat diseases treated by 60.9% family physician, 20.1% paediatrician and 87 (17.0%) of the participants has had otorhinolaryngological consultation in life and 16 (3.1%) had either major or minor ear, nose and throat surgery before. ere is scarcity of ear, nose and throat care centre and otolaryngologist and their services. Conclusion: Preventable ear, nose and throat diseases were common among school children. Routine annual school otorhinolaryngological screening is recomended for preschool and school children

Malignant Otitis Externa in Developing Country

Objective: Malignant otitis externa is a potentially life threatening infection of external auditory canal and skull base in an immunocompromised person. The outcome tends to be fatal due to the skull base osteomyelitis, especially if diagnois is delayed or is poorly treated. This epidemiological study in developing country is aimed at sensitizing for high level of suspicious early diagnosis and treatment. Method: This is a prospective study of patients with diagnosis of malignant otitis externa managed in a tertiary hospital between year 2012 - 2016. All consented patients with the disorder were enrolled into the study. Data obtained were collated and analysed. Result: Nine patients with malignant otitis externa were seen during the study period. Male to female ratio was 1:1. The peak was between 61 and 70 years. The most frequent symptoms were otalgia 9 (100%) and hearing loss 9 (100%) while cranial neuropathy was encountered in 6 (66.7%). The most implicated microganisms was Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7(28%). All patients had combination of both medical and surgical intervention. There was 1death (11.1%). Conclusion: Malignant otitis external is a complication of diabetes with high morbidity, however prompt diagnosis and treatment could mitigate the mortalit

Pattern of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Background/Objectives: Tympanic membrane perforation is a common otological disorder with associated hearing impairment. This study aimed at determining the clinicoepidemiological pattern, etiological factors, clinical presentation, and management of tympanic membrane perforation in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, hospital‑based study of patients with the clinical finding of perforated tympanic membrane. The study was carried out over a period of 5 years (September 2012 to August 2017). Interviewer‑assisted questionnaire was administered to obtain the detailed history and clinical findings from consenting patients. Data collected were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: A total of 529 patients had tympanic membrane perforation, of which 368 (69.6%) were males and 161 (30.4%) were females with a male‑to‑female ratio of 2:1. The prevalence of tympanic membrane perforation in this study was 7.8%. The most common presenting symptom among the patients was otorrhea in 81.5%, otalgia in 72.8%, and tinnitus in 55.7%. Acute suppurative otitis media was a cause of tympanic membrane perforation in 28.4% of the patients while 55.7% of the patients proceed to chronic suppurative otitis media. Unilateral tympanic membrane perforation was 79.0%. The left ear tympanic membrane perforation was 43.9%. Grade 1 tympanic membrane perforation accounted for 39.3% while grade 2 accounted for 32.3%. The most common types of tympanic membrane perforation were central in 38.2%, anterior central in 32.3%, and posterior central in 19.3%. Conductive hearing impairment accounted for 61.6% while sensorineural hearing impairment 25.3%. The most common degrees of hearing impairment were mild and moderate and accounted for 47.1% and 25.1%, respectively. The most common complications of tympanic membrane perforation were hearing impairment in 52.6%. Majority of the patients (425) were treated conservatively, six had fat patches, while 98 were treated surgically. Tympanic membrane perforation healed at the end of 3 months in 81.5%, while 18.5% did not heal after 3 months. Conclusion: Tympanic membrane perforation arises mainly from middle ear infections and traumatic causes. At presentation, size and location of perforation vary which depend on duration of infection or the traumatic causes

Otorhinolaryngological Manifestation of Allergy in South Western Nigerian Children

Background: Allergy is a systemic, chronic and recurrent disorder of otorhinolaryngological importance. This disorder is often neglected with late presentation in paediatric age group. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, trigger factors, clinical features, complications, quality of life, associated comorbid illnesses and treatment outcome among children. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective hospital based study of children with allergy in our center. The study was carried out over a period of one year from May 2017 to April 2018. Data were obtained by using pretested self-administered questionnaire. Data obtained were documented, collated and analyzed by using SPSS version 18.0 Results: Prevalence of allergy in this study was 8.6%. There were 60.2% male with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. There was positive family history of allergy in 55.9% patients. Perennial allergy was the commonest in 68.3% of the children. Major forms of allergens were 71.5% inhalant and 9.7% ingestant. The common self-reported trigger factors were dust, cold weather and smoke in 58.1%, 41.9% and 22.0% respectively. Major associated comorbid illnesses in this study were 43.5% adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Commonest allergic symptoms were runny nose in 38.7%. The commonest affected organ was nose in 46.8%. Commonly affected quality of life was 22.6% irritability, 20.4% absenteeism, 19.9% sleep disruption and 12.9% impaired social life. Common complications were 48.9% secondary infection, 46.2% otitis media/externa, 44.1% injury, 42.5% foreign body impaction and 40.3% pharyngitis. Treatment of allergy leads to improvement and recovery from the clinical features in 52.2%. No significant improvement in 47.8%. Conclusion: Allergy is a systemic disease affecting ear, nose and throat. It affects all paediatric age group with associated comorbid illnesses, complications and affectation of quality of life at presentation in majority of the patients

Pattern of Otological Injuries in Ekiti South West Nigeria

Ear injury is a common otorhinolaryngological disorder worldwide. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, aetiology, clinical presentation and management of otologic injuries.This was a prospective study of patients with otologic injuries that presented at our tertiary health institution. Consented patients were studied between October 2015 and September 2017. The prevalence of ear injuries was 4.7%. There were 57.3% males and 42.7% females with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Foreign bodies were the commonest cause of ear injury in 37.8% followed by road traffic accidents in 23.8%. Unilateral ear injury was more common than bilateral ear injury; 97.2% and 2.8% respectively. Pinna was the commonest anatomical region of injury (33.6%) followed by tympanic membrane (25.9%), temporal bone (12.6%) and external auditory canal (3.4%). Common presenting symptoms were foreign body impaction in 64.3%, otalgia in 62.2% and hearing loss in 46.9%.Commonest complication was otitis media and this was present in 30.8% of the patients. Others were 25.9% otitis externa and 18.9% perforated tympanic membrane. We therefore concluded that Ear injuries are common otological disorders in our otorhinolaryngological practice. Commonest causes are self inflicting ear foreign bodies’ impaction and road traffic accident.Keywords: Otologic, injuries, Trauma, Foreign bodie

Clinico-mycological profile of otomycosis in two tertiary health institutions in Nigeria – a prospective study

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