Development of human machine interface (HMI) with customized scada system for low voltage disrtribution automation system

This paper presents the development of customized distribution automation system (DAS) for secure fault isolation at the low voltage (LV) down stream, 415/240V by using the Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) distribution system. It is the first DAS research work done on customer side substation for operating and controlling between the consumer side system and the substation in an automated manner. Most of the work is focused on developing very secure fault isolation whereby the fault is detected, identified, isolated and remedied in few seconds. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) techniques has been utilized to build Human Machine Interface (HMI) that provides a graphical operator interface functions to monitor and control the system. Microprocessor based Remote Monitoring Devices have been used for customized software to be downloaded to the hardware. Power Line Carrier (PLC) has been used as communication media between the consumer and the substation. As result, complete DAS fault isolation system has been developed for cost reduction, maintenance time saving and less human intervention during faults

Development of communication protocolbased on low voltage distribution automation system

This paper presents the development of a customer side distribution automation system (DAS) for operating and controlling low voltage (LV) down stream of 415/240V by using the Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) distribution system. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) based remote Terminal Unit (RTU) along power line communication PLC) system are used for DAS development that practically imulates the down stream distribution system functions in an automated manner. It is the first DAS research work done on customer side substation for operating and controlling between the consumer side system and the substation. Most of the work is focused on building Human Machine Interface that provides a graphical operator interface function to monitor the system. The Human Machine Interface of SCADA system is developed using customized software and an RTU microprocessor and its software implements

Customized Fault Management System for Low Voltage (LV) Distribution Automation System

1. Introduction Supply disruption such as overloading will cause interruptions of electricity supply to customers. The technicians have to manually locate the fault point and this tedious work may last for extended periods of time. The other reasons are the lack of use of efficient tools for operational planning and advanced methodology for quick detection of fault, isolation of the faulty section and service restoration. Currently, fault detection, isolation and service restoration takes a long time causing the interruption of supply for a longer duration

Normative modeling of brain morphometry in clinical high risk for psychosis

Importance The lack of robust neuroanatomical markers of psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in neuroanatomical measures in individuals at psychosis risk may be nested within the range observed in healthy individuals. Objective To quantify deviations from the normative range of neuroanatomical variation in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and evaluate their overlap with healthy variation and their association with positive symptoms, cognition, and conversion to a psychotic disorder. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-control study used clinical-, IQ-, and neuroimaging software (FreeSurfer)–derived regional measures of cortical thickness (CT), cortical surface area (SA), and subcortical volume (SV) from 1340 individuals with CHR-P and 1237 healthy individuals pooled from 29 international sites participating in the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-analysis (ENIGMA) Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Working Group. Healthy individuals and individuals with CHR-P were matched on age and sex within each recruitment site. Data were analyzed between September 1, 2021, and November 30, 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures For each regional morphometric measure, deviation scores were computed as z scores indexing the degree of deviation from their normative means from a healthy reference population. Average deviation scores (ADS) were also calculated for regional CT, SA, and SV measures and globally across all measures. Regression analyses quantified the association of deviation scores with clinical severity and cognition, and 2-proportion z tests identified case-control differences in the proportion of individuals with infranormal (z < −1.96) or supranormal (z > 1.96) scores. Results Among 1340 individuals with CHR-P, 709 (52.91%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 20.75 (4.74) years. Among 1237 healthy individuals, 684 (55.30%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 22.32 (4.95) years. Individuals with CHR-P and healthy individuals overlapped in the distributions of the observed values, regional z scores, and all ADS values. For any given region, the proportion of individuals with CHR-P who had infranormal or supranormal values was low (up to 153 individuals [<11.42%]) and similar to that of healthy individuals (<115 individuals [<9.30%]). Individuals with CHR-P who converted to a psychotic disorder had a higher percentage of infranormal values in temporal regions compared with those who did not convert (7.01% vs 1.38%) and healthy individuals (5.10% vs 0.89%). In the CHR-P group, only the ADS SA was associated with positive symptoms (β = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.02; P = .02 for false discovery rate) and IQ (β = 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.15; P = .02 for false discovery rate). Conclusions and Relevance In this case-control study, findings suggest that macroscale neuromorphometric measures may not provide an adequate explanation of psychosis risk

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