66 research outputs found
Effect of soaking and misting on respiration rate, body surface temperature, and body temperature of heat stressed dairy cattle
Reducing heat stress is a key issue for dairy producers. Use of feedline soaking and supplemental airflow effectively reduces heat stress and increases milk production and profitability. High-pressure misting allows water to evaporate in the air, reduces air temperature, and increases relative humidity. Misting also soaks the skin of cattle, resulting in additional cooling as water evaporates from skin surfaces, similar to the cooling effect of feedline soaking. Impact of soaking frequency (5-, 10-, or 15-minute intervals) was compared to continuous high-pressure misting. Cows cooled with either system had lower respiration rates, body surface temperatures, and internal body temperatures than controls. Soaking cattle every 5 minutes or 5-minute soaking plus high-pressure misting produced similar body temperatures, but lower (P\u3c0.01) than those when soaking occurred every 10 or 15 minutes. Skin surface temperatures from the thurl, shoulder, and rear udder were less when cattle were cooled with high-pressure misting. Cattle cooled with high-pressure misting became soaked, thus the cooling effect is the combination of cooler air and water evaporation from the skin. These results indicate that either frequent soaking (every 5 minutes) or continuous high-pressure misting that soaks the skin could be equally effective in reducing heat stress in dairy cattle.; Dairy Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003
Effect of soaking and misting on respiration rate, body surface temperature, and body temperature of heat stressed dairy cattle
Reducing heat stress is a key issue for
dairy producers. Use of feedline soaking and
supplemental airflow effectively reduces heat
stress and increases milk production and profitability.
High-pressure misting allows water
to evaporate in the air, reduces air temperature,
and increases relative humidity. Misting
also soaks the skin of cattle, resulting in additional
cooling as water evaporates from skin
surfaces, similar to the cooling effect of
feedline soaking. Impact of soaking frequency
(5-, 10-, or 15-minute intervals) was compared
to continuous high-pressure misting. Cows
cooled with either system had lower respiration
rates, body surface temperatures, and internal
body temperatures than controls. Soaking
cattle every 5 minutes or 5-minute soaking
plus high-pressure misting produced similar
body temperatures, but lower (P<0.01) than
those when soaking occurred every 10 or 15
minutes. Skin surface temperatures from the
thurl, shoulder, and rear udder were less when
cattle were cooled with high-pressure misting.
Cattle cooled with high-pressure misting became
soaked, thus the cooling effect is the
combination of cooler air and water evaporation
from the skin. These results indicate that
either frequent soaking (every 5 minutes) or
continuous high-pressure misting that soaks
the skin could be equally effective in reducing
heat stress in dairy cattle
Comparison of three fresh cow feeding programs
We evaluated the impact on performance
of top dressing a based total mixed
ration (TMR) with long-stem alfalfa hay
with or without additional dry-rolled corn
to the lactating cow diet during the first 5
days postpartum. The three dietary treatments
and numbers of cows assigned to
each diet were: 1) total mixed ration
(TMR; n = 19); 2) TMR + long-stem alfalfa
hay (TMR + A; n= 20); and 3) TMR
+ long-stemmed alfalfa hay + dry-rolled
corn (TMR + A + C; n = 20). Top dressing
the lactating TMR with long-stem alfalfa
hay with or without dry-rolled corn did not
reduce the incidence of metabolic disorders
in early lactating cows. Six cows, two
on each diet, were treated for displaced
abomasums. Cows consuming only the
TMR lost slightly more body weight during
the first 30 days after calving compared
to cows fed the other diets. Milk and
energy corrected milk (ECM) yields were
similar among diets. Fat, protein, and urea
nitrogen content in milk were not different
among dietary treatments. Lactose content
in milk was greater for cows consuming
TMR + A than those consuming TMR or
TMR + A + C. Concentrations of glucose
and urea nitrogen in plasma were not affected
by treatment during the initial 5
days of lactation. Concentrations of glucose
and urea nitrogen on days 2 and 3
were less for multiparous cows consuming
TMR than for multiparous cows consuming
TMR + A. Rumen contractions during
the first 5 days of lactation were not different
among diets. Top dressing the lactating
TMR with long-stem alfalfa hay
with or without dry-rolled corn was not
beneficial in this study. On a dry matter
basis, the lactating TMR contained 22%
chopped alfalfa hay, 10% corn silage, 20%
wet corn gluten feed, 9% whole fuzzy cottonseed,
7.1% expeller soybean meal,
27.4% ground shelled corn, 1.2% molasses,
1.3% Menhaden fishmeal, and 2.0%
mineral-vitamin premix. Cows fed diets
containing corn silage as the predominant
fiber source may respond differently
Validity of Descriptive and Defect-oriented Terminology Systems for Sensory Analysis of Fluid Milk
A Study of the Difference in Volume of Information in Chief Complaint and Present Illness between Electronic and Paper Medical Records
A Study on the Feasibility of Using Adaptive Structures in the Attenuation of Vibration Characteristics of Rotary Wings.
This paper investigates the feasibility of employing adaptive material to build both sensors and actuators to attenuate the higher harmonic loads developed at the helicopter rotor blades using the elastic flatwise bending (second for hingeless rotors) and the first elastic torsion modes of a single blade deserve special attention in the vibration control. Theoretical investigations, supported by wind tunnel and flight tests, confirmed that these modes are responsible for the larger amplitude loads at 3/rev in four-blade hingeless rotors. This is a situation for which IBC, based on a collocated actuator-sensor arrangement along the blade, and tailored to act specifically on the bending and the torsion modes, is expected to bring further improvements to the reduction of the overall dynamic response of helicopters. The results indicate that there are already real situations for which the adaptive material has enough power to accomplish the task without saturation of the applied electrical field
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