3,270 research outputs found
Security improvement of using modified coherent state for quantum cryptography
Weak coherent states as a photon source for quantum cryptography have limit
in secure data rate and transmission distance because of the presence of
multi-photon events and loss in transmission line. Two-photon events in a
coherent state can be taken out by a two-photon interference scheme. We
investigate the security issue of utilizing this modified coherent state in
quantum cryptography. A 4 dB improvement in secure data rate or a nearly
two-fold increase in transmission distance over the coherent state are found.
With a recently proposed and improved encoding strategy, further improvement is
possible.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Physical Review
A reduced-reference perceptual image and video quality metric based on edge preservation
In image and video compression and transmission, it is important to rely on an objective image/video quality metric which accurately represents the subjective quality of processed images and video sequences. In some scenarios, it is also important to evaluate the quality of the received video sequence with minimal reference to the transmitted one. For instance, for quality improvement of video transmission through closed-loop optimisation, the video quality measure can be evaluated at the receiver and provided as feedback information to the system controller. The original image/video sequence-prior to compression and transmission-is not usually available at the receiver side, and it is important to rely at the receiver side on an objective video quality metric that does not need reference or needs minimal reference to the original video sequence. The observation that the human eye is very sensitive to edge and contour information of an image underpins the proposal of our reduced reference (RR) quality metric, which compares edge information between the distorted and the original image. Results highlight that the metric correlates well with subjective observations, also in comparison with commonly used full-reference metrics and with a state-of-the-art RR metric. © 2012 Martini et al
Optimal Quantum Cloning via Stimulated Emission
We show that optimal universal quantum cloning can be realized via stimulated
emission. Universality of the cloning procedure is achieved by choosing systems
that have appropriate symmetries. We first discuss a scheme based on stimulated
emission in certain three-level-systems, e.g. atoms in a cavity. Then we
present a way of realizing optimal universal cloning based on stimulated
parametric down-conversion. This scheme also implements the optimal universal
NOT operation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Spectroscopic Discovery of the Supernova 2003dh Associated with GRB 030329
We present early observations of the afterglow of the Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB)
030329 and the spectroscopic discovery of its associated supernova SN 2003dh.
We obtained spectra of the afterglow of GRB 030329 each night from March 30.12
(0.6 days after the burst) to April 8.13 (UT) (9.6 days after the burst). The
spectra cover a wavelength range of 350 nm to 850 nm. The early spectra consist
of a power-law continuum (F_nu ~ nu^{-0.9}) with narrow emission lines
originating from HII regions in the host galaxy, indicating a low redshift of
z=0.1687. However, our spectra taken after 2003 Apr. 5 show broad peaks in flux
characteristic of a supernova. Correcting for the afterglow emission, we find
the spectrum of the supernova is remarkably similar to the type Ic `hypernova'
SN 1998bw. While the presence of supernovae have been inferred from the light
curves and colors of GRB afterglows in the past, this is the first direct,
spectroscopic confirmation that a subset of classical gamma-ray bursts
originate from supernovae.Comment: published by ApJ Letters; additional material avilable at
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/oir/Research/GRB
Delayed - Choice Entanglement - Swapping with Vacuum-One Photon Quantum States
We report the experimental realization of a recently discovered quantum
information protocol by Asher Peres implying an apparent non-local quantum
mechanical retrodiction effect. The demonstration is carried out by applying a
novel quantum optical method by which each singlet entangled state is
physically implemented by a two-dimensional subspace of Fock states of a mode
of the electromagnetic field, specifically the space spanned by the vacuum and
the one photon state, along lines suggested recently by E. Knill et al., Nature
409, 46 (2001) and by M. Duan et al., Nature 414, 413 (2001). The successful
implementation of the new technique is expected to play an important role in
modern quantum information and communication and in EPR quantum non-locality
studies
Experimental Demonstration of Five-photon Entanglement and Open-destination Teleportation
Universal quantum error-correction requires the ability of manipulating
entanglement of five or more particles. Although entanglement of three or four
particles has been experimentally demonstrated and used to obtain the extreme
contradiction between quantum mechanics and local realism, the realization of
five-particle entanglement remains an experimental challenge. Meanwhile, a
crucial experimental challenge in multi-party quantum communication and
computation is the so-called open-destination teleportation. During
open-destination teleportation, an unknown quantum state of a single particle
is first teleported onto a N-particle coherent superposition to perform
distributed quantum information processing. At a later stage this teleported
state can be readout at any of the N particles for further applications by
performing a projection measurement on the remaining N-1 particles. Here, we
report a proof-of-principle demonstration of five-photon entanglement and
open-destination teleportation. In the experiment, we use two entangled photon
pairs to generate a four-photon entangled state, which is then combined with a
single photon state to achieve the experimental goals. The methods developed in
our experiment would have various applications e.g. in quantum secret sharing
and measurement-based quantum computation.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, submitted for publication on 15 October, 200
Calculation of atomic spontaneous emission rate in 1D finite photonic crystal with defects
We derive the expression for spontaneous emission rate in finite
one-dimensional photonic crystal with arbitrary defects using the effective
resonator model to describe electromagnetic field distributions in the
structure. We obtain explicit formulas for contributions of different types of
modes, i.e. radiation, substrate and guided modes. Formal calculations are
illustrated with a few numerical examples, which demonstrate that the
application of effective resonator model simplifies interpretation of results.Comment: Cent. Eur. J. Phys, in pres
Violation of multi-particle Bell inequalities for low and high flux parametric amplification using both vacuum and entangled input states
We show how polarisation measurements on the output fields generated by
parametric down conversion will reveal a violation of multi-particle Bell
inequalities, in the regime of both low and high output intensity. In this case
each spatially separated system, upon which a measurement is performed, is
comprised of more than one particle. In view of the formal analogy with spin
systems, the proposal provides an opportunity to test the predictions of
quantum mechanics for spatially separated higher spin states. Here the quantum
behaviour possible even where measurements are performed on systems of large
quantum (particle) number may be demonstrated. Our proposal applies to both
vacuum-state signal and idler inputs, and also to the quantum-injected
parametric amplifier as studied by De Martini et al. The effect of detector
inefficiencies is included.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure
Photometry and Spectroscopy of GRB 030329 and Its Associated Supernova 2003dh: The First Two Months
We present extensive optical and infrared photometry of the afterglow of
gamma-ray burst (GRB) 030329 and its associated supernova (SN) 2003dh over the
first two months after detection (2003 March 30-May 29 UT). Optical
spectroscopy from a variety of telescopes is shown and, when combined with the
photometry, allows an unambiguous separation between the afterglow and
supernova contributions. The optical afterglow of the GRB is initially a
power-law continuum but shows significant color variations during the first
week that are unrelated to the presence of a supernova. The early afterglow
light curve also shows deviations from the typical power-law decay. A supernova
spectrum is first detectable ~7 days after the burst and dominates the light
after ~11 days. The spectral evolution and the light curve are shown to closely
resemble those of SN 1998bw, a peculiar Type Ic SN associated with GRB 980425,
and the time of the supernova explosion is close to the observed time of the
GRB. It is now clear that at least some GRBs arise from core-collapse SNe.Comment: 57 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJ, revised per referee's
comments, includes full photometry table. Data available at
ftp://cfa-ftp.harvard.edu/pub/kstanek/GRB030329 or through WWW at
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/cfa/oir/Research/GRB
Quantum entanglement and disentanglement of multi-atom systems
We present a review of recent research on quantum entanglement, with special
emphasis on entanglement between single atoms, processing of an encoded
entanglement and its temporary evolution. Analysis based on the density matrix
formalism are described. We give a simple description of the entangling
procedure and explore the role of the environment in creation of entanglement
and in disentanglement of atomic systems. A particular process we will focus on
is spontaneous emission, usually recognized as an irreversible loss of
information and entanglement encoded in the internal states of the system. We
illustrate some certain circumstances where this irreversible process can in
fact induce entanglement between separated systems. We also show how
spontaneous emission reveals a competition between the Bell states of a two
qubit system that leads to the recently discovered "sudden" features in the
temporal evolution of entanglement. An another problem illustrated in details
is a deterministic preparation of atoms and atomic ensembles in long-lived
stationary squeezed states and entangled cluster states. We then determine how
to trigger the evolution of the stable entanglement and also address the issue
of a steered evolution of entanglement between desired pairs of qubits that can
be achieved simply by varying the parameters of a given system.Comment: Review articl
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