Caractérisation et éléments de modélisation de l'évapotranspiration réelle de la vigne à l'échelle de la parcelle

*INRA, Centre de Montpellier (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, Centre de Montpellier (FRA) Diplôme : Dr. Ing

Measurement and modelling of the transpiration of a Mediterranean vineyard

International audienc

Comparison of methods for estimating actual evapotranspiration in a row-cropped vineyard

International audienc

Separate modelling of evaporation and transpiration in a mediterranean vineyard

National audienc

Variabilité spatio-temporelle des prélèvements d'eau au sein d'une vigne en rangs

National audienc

Variabilité spatio-temporelle des prélèvements d'eau au sein d'une vigne en rangs

National audienc

Influence of watertable depths on the variation of grapevine water status at the landscape scale

Corresponding author. fax: +33 4 67 63 26 14. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Voltz).International audienceDetermining the factors of variation of plant water status at the landscape scale is crucial for mapping or evaluating crop water requirements, crop suitability or climate change impacts over large areas. This paper studies the influence of the spatial variation of watertable fluctuations on vine water status at the scale of a 62 km2 catchment, the Peyne catchment, located in the south of France. Watertable levels and vine water status were monitored over a set of 33 sites, sampling the main soil and landscape units of the study area. An integrated indicator of vineyard water status during the vegetative season, the carbon isotopic discrimination ratio in grapes, was used to estimate the spatial variation of vine water status. On a subset of nine sites, it was compared to the observed minimum predawn leaf water potential over the vegetative season, which confirmed its relevance as an indicator. Variance analysis showed that the spatial variation of watertable levels explained 28% of the variation of the observed values of the carbon isotopic discrimination ratio. It also showed that the explained variance amounted to 40% when the initial soil water storage prior to the vegetative season was taken as an additional predictor. These results point out the need to take into account the variation of local hydrological conditions as imposed by watertables levels when studying the spatial variation of plant water status or soil water balance at the landscape level. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Vineyard agroforestry: a new concept for a sustainable vineyard production

National audienceGrape vines are one of the few crops in the world that is cropped only as a pure crop system. Vineyards face severe environmental concerns such as soil degradation, heavy loads of pesticides and pests attacks. In Roman times, vineyard cultivation was performed as an agroforestry system called Arbustra, with vines growing on living trees used as trellises. Scattered trees such as peach, almond or olive trees were also grown in vineyards in Europe until recently. These trees have been destroyed to allow easy mechanisation of the vineyard management, including mechanical harvesting of grapes. New vineyard agroforestry plots were set up in 1996 in the south of France, and have been monitored since then for grape production and tree growth. Various tree species were introduced into vineyards, at a density of 222 trees/ha, on shallow rocky soils prone to drought. Both evergreen resinous and broadleaved deciduous tree species were introduced, with Sorbus domestica (Service tree) and Pinus pinea (Stone pine) as the key species. Control plots with pure tree and pure vine plantation were available. After 12 years of cultivation, grape production and tree growth data showed that vineyard agroforestry is possible. Tree growth is enhanced in the agroforestry system, and grape production is not yet reduced by tree competition, except on extremely shallow soils. Competition for water and/or nutrients appears to be the main limiting factor, while light competition seems not to be a problem so far. Root pruning with a sub-soiler was used to limit water competition by the trees on the vines and proved useful. Some preliminary assessments of pest predators in the vineyard system show that mite control may be enhanced by the presence of trees in vineyards. This could allow a reduction in the use of pesticides in vineyards, but more detailed studies are needed to con!rm this hypothesi

Main hydrological processes in a farmed catchment of the mediterranean area

National audienc

The wind's evaporation method : a standard laboratory method adopted by the french INRA laboratories. 1. Technical characteristics and error analysis

International audienc