Changes in the forms and availability of applied phosphate over a twelve-month period in two soils of the Manawatu-Rangitikei sand country : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science at Massey University

A feature of New Zealand agriculture is the requirement for regular applications of phosphate fertilizer to maintain high producing pastures. This is reflected in the large amounts of phosphate fertilizer sold annually, which for the 1971-72 season reached a level of 2,041,000 tonnes. The soils of the Manawatu-Rangitikei sand country, being naturally deficient in phosphate, are no exception to this requirement for regular applications of phosphate. However, these soils, especially those of the sand plains are potentially fertile. Thus trials conducted by the Department of Agriculture have shown that, on Himatangi sand, pasture production in the range 15,700-16,800 kg D.M./ha can be realized (Blackmore, pers. comm.). The need for regular, preferably at least annual, application of phosphate to these sand country soils implies a fall in the level of availability of the applied phosphate within the zone of action of the pasture roots due either to:- (i) actual loss of phosphate from this zone by leaching a distinct possibility in such light-textured soils; or (ii) a change in the soil/soil solution equilibrium distribution of phosphate as a result of changes in the nature of the fixed forms with time; or (iii) a combination of those factors. The object of the present study was to investigate the operation of these factors for two representative sand country soils, the differing moisture regime and pH status of which might be expected to exert some influence on the course of phosphate fixation. At the same time, it was hoped to reach some conclusion as to the relative sensitivity of a number of commonly used chemical "quick tests" for evaluation of phosphate availability in these soils and to determine whether changes in these values were paralleled by demonstrable changes in the forms of phosphate binding

Solid State Television Camera (CID)

The design, development and test are described of a charge injection device (CID) camera using a 244x248 element array. A number of video signal processing functions are included which maximize the output video dynamic range while retaining the inherently good resolution response of the CID. Some of the unique features of the camera are: low light level performance, high S/N ratio, antiblooming, geometric distortion, sequential scanning and AGC

Structural and lithologic study of northern California Coast Range and Sacramento Valley, California

The author has identified the following significant results. Photgeologic examination of repetitive multispectral ERTS-1 imagery of Northern California has disclosed several systems of linear features which may be important for the interpretation of the structural history of California. They are separated from an orthogonal system of linears in the Klamath Mts. by a set of discontinuous southeast-trending linear features (the Mendocino system) which is traceable from the Pacific Coast, at Cape Mendocino, into the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Within the Sierra Nevada, the Mendocino system separates the north-trending Sierran system from a set of linears characteristic of the Modoc Plateau. With minor exception, little overlap exists among the systems which suggests a decipherable chronology and evolutionary history for the region. The San Andres system of linears appears to truncate or co-exist with most of the other systems in the northern Coast Ranges. The Mendocino system truncates the Klamath, Sierran, and Modoc systems. The Sierran system may represent fundamental and long-persisting pre-late Paleozoic zones of crustal weakness which have been reactivated from time to time. The Mendocino system was possibly developed in early Mesozoic and is important to the structural framework of Northern California

The relationship between dental status, food selection, nutrient intake, nutritional status, and body mass index in older people

This paper reviewed the findings from a national survey in Great Britain which assessed whether dental status affected older people's food selection, nutrient intake, and nutritional status. The survey analyzed national random samples of free-living and institution subjects for dental examination, interview, and four-day food diary as well as blood and urine tests In the free-living sample, intakes of non-starch polysaccharides, protein, calcium, non-heme iron, niacin, and vitamin C were significantly lower in edentulous as compared to dentate subjects. People with 21 or more teeth consumed more of most nutrients, particularly non-starch polysaccharides. This relationship in intake was not apparent in the hematological analysis. Plasma ascorbate and retinol were the only analytes significantly associated with dental status. Having 21 or more teeth increased the likelihood of having an acceptable body mass index (BMI). Thus, maintaining a natural and functional dentition defined as having more than twenty teeth into old age plays an important role in having a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, a satisfactory nutritional status, and an acceptable BMI

Close-packed structures and phase diagram of soft spheres in cylindrical pores

It is shown for a model system consisting of spherical particles confined in cylindrical pores that the first ten close-packed phases are in one-to-one correspondence with the first ten ways of folding a triangular lattice, each being characterized by a roll-up vector like the single-walled carbon nanotube. Phase diagrams in pressure-diameter and temperature-diameter planes are obtained by inherent-structure calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. The phase boundaries dividing two adjacent phases are infinitely sharp in the low-temperature limit but are blurred as temperature is increased. Existence of such phase boundaries explains rich, diameter-sensitive phase behavior unique for cylindrically confined systems