Comparison of sampling and culture methods for the diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in bulls

abstract: Sampling methods for preputial secretions and culture methods for T. foetus were compared in a 2-by-2 factorial experiment. 14 bulls were confirmed as infected by repeated weekly sampling and culture on Diamond's medium over the course of 10 months. In a 6-week test of alternative methods of diagnosis, the bulls were randomly assigned to have their preputial contents sampled weekly either by washing or by scraping of the preputial membrane. The samples were cultured on Claussen's medium and in InPouch packets at 37°C in air for 7 days. The results were compared by McNemar's χ² test for symmetry. Washing yielded 69 positive cultures from 84 samples whereas scraping yielded 65 from 83. These differences were not statistically significant. InPouch culture detected 73 of 83 samples from positive bulls, whereas Claussen's medium detected 61 of 83. The difference in sensitivity between the two culture methods was highly significant, with the InPouch method 'missing' 2 positive samples that were detected by Claussen's medium and Claussen's medium missing 14 positive samples that were detected by InPouch culture

Indium sulfide thin films deposited by the spray ion layer gas reaction technique

The Spray Ion Layer Gas Reaction technique is a new variation on the ILGAR technique used to prepare chalcogenide thin films. The process involves the cyclical spray deposition of an indium containing precursor layer followed by its conversion to sulfide using hydrogen sulfide gas. High quality indium sulfide thin films are produced with an indirect bandgap of 2.2eV and a high suitability for use as buffer layers in chalcopyrite solar cells. Analysis of the deposition reveals that the indium chloride based precursor is transported via the vapour phase from the spray droplets to the substrate surfac