Controlling Schools: How School Resource Officers’ Roles Map Onto Schools’ Behavior Management Strategies

School resource officer (SRO) behavior varies across schools, but little is known about what shapes their behavior. Social ecological theories state that features of communities shapes individual behavior, including police officers. This may similarly apply to SROs. This study uses the 2015 to 2016 School Survey on Crime and Safety to test the extent to which three aspects of a school’s context related to behavior management (i.e., security measures, disciplinary environment, and restorative practices) shape SROs’ involvement in three roles: law enforcement, teacher, and mentor. Using a generalized structural equation model to examine the relationships between school context and SRO roles, consistent with ecological theories, we find that school context shapes SRO roles. Implications and future research are further discussed

INTERNAL ROTATION IN CF3CF_{3}NO2NO_{2}, REVISITED

1. I. L. Karle and J. Karle, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 1969 (1962). 2. W. M. Tolles, E. T. Handelman, and W. D. Gwinn, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 3019 (1965).Author Institution: Naval Research LaboratoryThe barrier to internal rotation for $CF_{3}$$NO_{2}$ has previously been determined by two independent methods: 1) by electron $diffraction^{1}$and 2) by rotational microwave $spectroscopy^{2}$. These two methods have indicated the barrier to rotation to be 3 kcal/mole and 74 cal/mole respectively. This discrepancy has not been resolved in 25 years. In an attempt to explain this discrepancy, a model has been developed to incorporate the effects of coupling between the internal rotation motion and the vibration of the $NO_{2}$ group. Both electron diffraction radial distribution curves and rotational microwave spectra are simulated and compared with experimental data. Discrepancies which continue to be apparent are examined through the use of alternative coupled internal rotation and vibrational effects. An alternative mechanism involving coupling of the atomic motions is proposed to explain the discrepancy

Microwave spectrum and barrier to internal rotation in Trifluoronitromethane

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1697269The microwave spectrum for CFaN02 has been observed for the J=1-+J =2 through the J =4--+J =5 transitions. Some 35 lines in these transitions are assigned, and the Stark effects for three of these were studied quantitatively and interpreted. A discrepancy in the Stark effect of a 4-+5 transition can be ac­ counted for by properly adjusting the sixfold barrier to internal rotation. The parameters used to obtain the best fit for the spectrum are the following: B+C=4917.4±0.4 Mc/sec, B-C=453.9±5 Mc/sec, A (N02) = 13205±150 Mc/sec, A (CFa) = 5700 Mc/sec (assumed), V6=780 000 Mc/sec= 74.4±5 cal/mole. The dipole moment obtained from the Stark-effect measurements is 1.44±0.03 D.California Research CorporationThe National Science FoundationOffice of Naval ResearchMiller Institute for Basic Research in Scienc

EPR investigation of irradiated strontium and zinc acetate single crystals

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1675050X-ray irradiation of strontium acetate hemihydrate produces CH3C022- and not the methyl radical as in other acetates. At higher temperatures this spectrum is replaced with two magnetically distinct ·CH2 CQ2- radicals. In the presence of the propionate. ion, further reaction proceeds at about -30°C to yield one rotamer of one magnetically distinct CHaCHCO,- radical. The ratio of propionate/acetate damage at room temperature is found to be 700: 1in strontium acetate, indicating some mechanism for the delocalization of the damage. This same reaction with a substituted propionate ion occurs in zinc acetate with a ratio of 20: 1. The coupling tensors for all species are presented.Office of Naval Researc

Nonadiabatic effects in the internal rotation of CH2COO in irradiated zinc acetate dihydrate

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1673974The EPR spectrum of the • CH2Coo- radical in a single crystal host displays nonadiabatic motional effects. A phenomenological theory is suggested, based on the density matrix of the spin system, and a technique is described for rapid calculation of simulated spectra.Office of Naval Researc

OPTICALLY HETERODYNED COHERENT RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Author Institution: Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Naval Postgraduate SchoolA convenient variation of Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy which overcomes many of the previous limitations of coherent Raman spectroscopy is introduced. Quantum limited signal-to-noise ratios may be approached by the use of optical heterodyne detection. Detector current, linearly proportional and phase sensitive to the third-order nonlinear susceptibility and linearly proportional to the Raman scattering cross-section, is produced. Heterodyne detection in coherent Raman spectroscopy enables the detection of weak Raman signals that would otherwise be obscured by noise resulting from background sources