Reactive Oxygen Species and the Regulation of Hyperproliferation in a Colonial Hydroid

Colonies of Podocoryna carnea circulate gastrovascular fluid among polyps via tubelike stolons. At polyp-stolon junctions, mitochondrion-rich cells in part regulate this gastrovascular flow. During competition, colonies hyperproliferate nematocytes and stolons; nematocysts are discharged until one colony is killed. Hyperproliferation then ceases, and normal growth resumes. Here, competing colonies were treated with azide, which inhibits respiration and upregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS). After the cessation of competition, azide-treated colonies continued to hyperproliferate. In azide-treated competing colonies, however, mitochondrion-rich cells were found to produce similar amounts of ROS as those in untreated competing colonies. Subsequent experiments showed that both azide treatment and competition diminished the lumen widths at polyp-stolon junctions, where mitochondrion-rich cells are found. In competing colonies, these diminished widths may also diminish the metabolic demand on these cells, causing mitochondria to enter the resting state and emit more ROS. Indeed, results with two fluorescent probes show that mitochondrion- rich cells in competing colonies produce more ROS than those in noncompeting colonies. In sum, these results suggest that competition perturbs the usual activity of mitochondrion- rich cells, altering their redox state and increasing ROS formation. Via uncharacterized pathways, these ROS may contribute to hyperproliferation

Perspectives and challenges for the use of radar in biological conservation

Radar is at the forefront for the study of broad-scale aerial movements of birds, bats and insects and related issues in biological conservation. Radar techniques are especially useful for investigating species which fly at high altitudes, in darkness, or which are too small for applying electronic tags. Here, we present an overview of radar applications in biological conservation and highlight its future possibilities. Depending on the type of radar, information can be gathered on local- to continental-scale movements of airborne organisms and their behaviour. Such data can quantify flyway usage, biomass and nutrient transport (bioflow), population sizes, dynamics and distributions, times and dimensions of movements, areas and times of mass emergence and swarming, habitat use and activity ranges. Radar also captures behavioural responses to anthropogenic disturbances, artificial light and man-made structures. Weather surveillance and other long-range radar networks allow spatially broad overviews of important stopover areas, songbird mass roosts and emergences from bat caves. Mobile radars, including repurposed marine radars and commercially dedicated ‘bird radars’, offer the ability to track and monitor the local movements of individuals or groups of flying animals. Harmonic radar techniques have been used for tracking short-range movements of insects and other small animals of conservation interest. However, a major challenge in aeroecology is determining the taxonomic identity of the targets, which often requires ancillary data obtained from other methods. Radar data have become a global source of information on ecosystem structure, composition, services and function and will play an increasing role in the monitoring and conservation of flying animals and threatened habitats worldwide

Pojavlenie Trimbicula (Leptotrombidium) russica Oudemans 1902 (Acarina, Trombiculidae) na letuchikh myshakh Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774)

Trombicula (L.) russica Oudemans 1902 (Acarina, Trombiculidae) was found to occur on Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber, 1774), captured in the region of Cracow during hiberbation. A certain parallelism in the incidence, temperature and light requirements is postulated for parasite and host. Four species of Trombiculidae are hitherto known to occur in Poland: one of them on bats, the remaining ones on small mammals living on the surface of the earth

Dymy jako element systemu maskowania

This paper is a study of military optical identification and guidance solutions. The technical measures used in the Polish Armed Forces for smoke screen deployment and their relation to IR camouflage were analysed.W niniejszym artykule przeprowadzono analizę wojskowych środków rozpoznania i naprowadzania pracujących w zakresie optycznym. Poddano analizie środki techniczne istniejące w SZ RP stosowane do stawiania zasłon dymnych z uwzględnieniem maskowania w podczerwieni

The public protection : light type protection solution

W artykule przedstawiono analizę stanu aktualnego w dziedzinie obiektów ochrony zbiorowej typu lekkiego. Przedstawiono podstawowe wyposażenie zespołu Nr-1 będącego elementem zestawu ochrony zbiorowej typu lekkiego dla SD brygady. Scharakteryzowano rozwiązania konstrukcyjne oraz podano podstawowe parametry taktyczno-techniczne zestawu namiotowego, zdwojonego urządzenia filtrowentylacyjnego UWF-900-2C wraz ze sterownikiem oraz wyposażenia pomocniczego.The article presents the analysis of the present situation in the concern of the public protectionagainst modern toxics by using the light type of shelters. The object of laboratory tests in the chemical agents’ environment is the complete light shelter (tent), called No-1 which is designed for the militarypurpose as the mobile command post at the brigade level. The point of concern is given to characteristicsof the tent construction and its tactical-technical parameters. After the tests, there was discovered that the light type shelter provides the personnel protection against chemical or biological agents that could be find in the air as the BC agents or industrial toxics. The air inside the tent shelter is pressurized and decontaminated by the special NBC filters and the device is called UFW-900-2C. This filter setis equipped with adequate electronic controller and parts which provide an effective air cleaning and sufficient flow across the tent, and finally this composition works as the efficient, complete set

Respiration and skin - individual protection against contamination. part. I

W opracowanym materiale przedstawiono współczesne zagrożenia pochodzące od terrorystycznego użycia broni masowego rażenia oraz toksycznych substancji pochodzenia przemysłowego. Scharakteryzowano wpływ indywidualnych środków ochrony przed skażeniami na zdolność bojową żołnierzy z uwzględnieniem czynników fizjologicznych i psychologicznych. Scharakteryzowano wymagania na indywidualne środki ochrony przed skażeniami w świetle dokumentów normatywnych obowiązujących w NATO. Zaprezentowano rozwiązania praktyczne istniejące w SZ RP i w armiach NATO w dziedzinie filtracyjnych masek przeciwgazowych i odzieży ochronnej. Na podstawie dostępnych danych literaturowych scharakteryzowano trendy rozwojowe w dziedzinie indywidualnych środków ochrony przed skażeniami.In this paper terrorist modern threats connected with mass destruction weapons and toxic industrial chemicals usage have been described. The influence of individual protection equipment (IPE) on soldier combat abilities - with physiological and psychological factors - has been characterized. Technical requirement - according to NATO standardization documents - has been shown. Practical solutions of IPE in Polish armed forces and NATO armies was presented. Future development directions in these areas - on basis of available information - have been presented and characterized

Respiration and skin - individual protection against contamination. part. II

W opracowanym materiale przedstawiono współczesne zagrożenia pochodzące od terrorystycznego użycia broni masowego rażenia oraz toksycznych substancji pochodzenia przemysłowego. Scharakteryzowano wpływ indywidualnych środków ochrony przed skażeniami na zdolność bojowa żołnierzy z uwzględnieniem czynników fizjologicznych i psychologicznych. Scharakteryzowano wymagania na indywidualne środki ochrony przed skażeniami w świetle dokumentów normatywnych obowiązujących w NATO. Zaprezentowano rozwiązania praktyczne istniejące w SZ RP i w armiach NATO w dziedzinie filtracyjnych masek przeciwgazowych i odzieży ochronnej. Na podstawie dostępnych danych literaturowych scharakteryzowano trendy rozwojowe w dziedzinie indywidualnych środków ochrony przed skażeniami.In this paper terrorist modern threats connected with mass destruction weapons and toxic industrial chemicals usage have been described. The influence of individual protection equipment (IPE) on soldier combat abilities - with physiological and psychological factors - has been characterized. Technical requirement - according to NATO standardization documents - has been shown. Practical solutions of IPE in Polish armed forces and NATO armies was presented. Future development directions in these areas - on basis of available information - have been presented and characterized