Time Reversal and Exceptional Points

Eigenvectors of decaying quantum systems are studied at exceptional points of the Hamiltonian. Special attention is paid to the properties of the system under time reversal symmetry breaking. At the exceptional point the chiral character of the system -- found for time reversal symmetry -- generically persists. It is, however, no longer circular but rather elliptic.Comment: submitted for publicatio

The Chirality of Exceptional Points

Exceptional points are singularities of the spectrum and wave functions which occur in connection with level repulsion. They are accessible in experiments using dissipative systems. It is shown that the wave function at an exceptional point is one specific superposition of two wave functions which are themselves specified by the exceptional point. The phase relation of this superposition brings about a chirality which should be detectable in an experiment.Comment: four pages, one postscript figure, to be submitted to PR

Chirality of wave functions for three coalescing levels

The coalescence of three levels has particular attractive features. Even though it may be difficult to realise such event in the laboratory (three additional real parameters must be adjusted), to take up the challenge seems worthwhile. In the same way as the chiral behaviour of a usual EP can give a direction on a line, the state vectors in the vicinity of an EP3 provide an orientation in the plane. The distinction between left and right handedness depends on the distribution of the widths of the three levels in the vicinity of the point of coalescence.Comment: Manuscript has been discussed in June 2007 with the experimental group under Professor Achim Richter at the TU Darmstadt. It has been presented at the 6th International Workshop on Pseudo Hermitian Hamiltonians, London, 16-18 July 2007. An expanded version is being prepared for publication. 3 Figures, 11 page

Instabilities, nonhermiticity and exceptional points in the cranking model

A cranking harmonic oscillator model, widely used for the physics of fast rotating nuclei and Bose-Einstein condensates, is re-investigated in the context of PT-symmetry. The instability points of the model are identified as exceptional points. It is argued that - even though the Hamiltonian appears hermitian at first glance - it actually is not hermitian within the region of instability.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Shell Structures and Chaos in Deformed Nuclei and Large Metallic Clusters

A reflection-asymmetric deformed oscillator potential is analysed from the classical and quantum mechanical point of view. The connection between occurrence of shell structures and classical periodic orbits is studied using the ''removal of resonances method'' in a classical analysis. In this approximation, the effective single particle potential becomes separable and the frequencies of the classical trajectories are easily determined. It turns out that the winding numbers calculated in this way are in good agreement with the ones found from the corresponding quantum mechanical spectrum using the particle number dependence of the fluctuating part of the total energy. When the octupole term is switched on it is found that prolate shapes are stable against chaos whereas spherical and oblate cases become chaotic. An attempt is made to explain this difference in the quantum mechanical context by looking at the distribution of exceptional points which results from the matrix structure of the respective Hamiltonians. In a similar way we analyse the modified Nilsson model and discuss its consequences for nuclei and metallic clusters.Comment: to appear in Physica Scripta., CNLS-94-02, a talk given at the Nobel sponsored conference SELMA 94 "New Nuclear Phenomena in the Vicinity of Closed Shell" (Stockholm and Uppsala, 29 Aug.- 3 Sept. 1994

Chaos in Axially Symmetric Potentials with Octupole Deformation

Classical and quantum mechanical results are reported for the single particle motion in a harmonic oscillator potential which is characterized by a quadrupole deformation and an additional octupole deformation. The chaotic character of the motion is srongly dependent on the quadrupole deformation in that for a prolate deformation virtually no chaos is discernible while for the oblate case the motion shows strong chaos when the octupole term is turned on.Comment: 6 pages LaTex plus 4 figures available by contacting the authors directly, published in PHYS.REV.LETT. 72(1994) 235

Deformation of Quantum Dots in the Coulomb Blockade Regime

We extend the theory of Coulomb blockade oscillations to quantum dots which are deformed by the confining potential. We show that shape deformations can generate sequences of conductance resonances which carry the same internal wavefunction. This fact may cause strong correlations of neighboring conductance peaks. We demonstrate the relevance of our results for the interpretation of recent experiments on semiconductor quantum dots.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, 4 postscript figure

Resonance scattering and singularities of the scattering function

Recent studies of transport phenomena with complex potentials are explained by generic square root singularities of spectrum and eigenfunctions of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Using a two channel problem we demonstrate that such singularities produce a significant effect upon the pole behaviour of the scattering matrix, and more significantly upon the associated residues. This mechanism explains why by proper choice of the system parameters the resonance cross section is increased drastically in one channel and suppressed in the other channel.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure