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Ultraconfined Plasmonic Hotspots Inside Graphene Nanobubbles
We report on a nanoinfrared
(IR) imaging study of ultraconfined plasmonic hotspots inside graphene
nanobubbles formed in graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructures.
The volume of these plasmonic hotspots is more than one-million-times
smaller than what could be achieved by free-space IR photons, and
their real-space distributions are controlled by the sizes and shapes
of the nanobubbles. Theoretical analysis indicates that the observed
plasmonic hotspots are formed due to a significant increase of the
local plasmon wavelength in the nanobubble regions. Such an increase
is attributed to the high sensitivity of graphene plasmons to its
dielectric environment. Our work presents a novel scheme for plasmonic
hotspot formation and sheds light on future applications of graphene
nanobubbles for plasmon-enhanced IR spectroscopy