A study to examine the feasibility of using surface penetrators for mineral exploration

The feasibility of using penetrators in earth applications is examined. Penetrator applications in exploration for mineral resources only is summarized. Instrumentation for future penetrators is described. Portions of this report are incorporated into a more extensive report examining other penetrator applications in exploration for fossil fuels, geothermal resources, and in environmental and engineering problems, which is to be published as a NASA technical publication

Spin-Charge separation in a model of two coupled chains

A model of interacting electrons living on two chains coupled by a transverse hopping $t_\perp$, is solved exactly by bosonization technique. It is shown that $t_\perp$ does modify the shape of the Fermi surface also in presence of interaction, although charge and spin excitations keep different velocities $u_\rho$, $u_\sigma$. Two different regimes occur: at short distances, $x\ll \xi = (u_\rho - u_\sigma)/4t_\perp$, the two chain model is not sensitive to $t_\perp$, while for larger separation $x\gg \xi$ inter--chain hopping is relevant and generates further singularities in the electron Green function besides those due to spin-charge decoupling. (2 figures not included. Figure requests: FABRIZIO@ITSSISSA)Comment: 12 pages, LATEX(REVTEX), SISSA 150/92/CM/M

Exchange Interaction Between Three and Four Coupled Quantum Dots: Theory and Applications to Quantum Computing

Several prominent proposals have suggested that spins of localized electrons could serve as quantum computer qubits. The exchange interaction has been invoked as a means of implementing two qubit gates. In this paper, we analyze the strength and form of the exchange interaction under relevant conditions. We find that, when several spins are engaged in mutual interactions, the quantitative strengths or even qualitative forms of the interactions can change. It is shown that the changes can be dramatic within a Heitler-London model. Hund-Mulliken calculations are also presented, and support the qualititative conclusions from the Heitler-London model. The effects need to be considered in spin-based quantum computer designs, either as a source of gate error to be overcome or a new interaction to be exploited.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures. v3: Added Hund-Mulliken calculations in 3-dots case. A few small corrections. This version submitted to PR

Dark matter from the scalar sector of 3-3-1 models without exotic electric charges

We show that three SU(2) singlet neutral scalars (two CP-even and one CP-odd) in the spectrum of models based on the gauge symmetry SU(3)_c X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X, which do not contain exotic electric charges, are realistic candidates for thermally generated self-interacting dark matter in the Universe, a type of dark matter that has been recently proposed in order to overcome some difficulties of collisionless cold dark matter models at the galactic scale. These candidates arise without introducing a new mass scale in the model and/or without the need for a discrete symmetry to stabilize them, but at the expense of tuning several combinations of parameters of the scalar potential.Comment: RevTeX, 11 pages. v2: typos corrected, one reference added. v3: clarifications added, four more references added. To appear in Europhys. Let

Nonlocal effects in high energy charged particle beams

Within the framework of the thermal wave model, an investigation is made of the longitudinal dynamics of high energy charged particle beams. The model includes the self-consistent interaction between the beam and its surroundings in terms of a nonlinear coupling impedance, and when resistive as well as reactive parts are included, the evolution equation becomes a generalised nonlinear Schroedinger equation including a nonlocal nonlinear term. The consequences of the resistive part on the propagation of particle bunches are examined using analytical as well as numerical methods.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, uses RevTeX

Chemical Vapour Deposition of Amorphous Ru(P) Thin Films from Ru Trialkylphosphite Hydride Complexes

The ruthenium phosphite hydride complexes H2Ru(P(OR)(3))(4) (R = Me (1), Et (2), Pr-i (3)) were used as CVD precursors for the deposition of films of amorphous ruthenium-phosphorus alloys. The as-deposited films were X-ray amorphous and XPS analysis revealed that they were predominantly comprised of Ru and P in zero oxidation states. XPS analysis also showed the presence of small amounts of oxidized ruthenium and phosphorus. The composition of the films was found to depend on ligand chemistry as well as the deposition conditions. The use of H-2 as the carrier gas had the effect of increasing the relative concentrations of P and O for all films. Annealing films to 700 degrees C under vacuum produced films of polycrystalline hcp Ru while a flowing stream of H-2 resulted in polycrystalline hcp RuP.Welch Foundation F-816Petroleum Research FundAmerican Chemical Society 47014-ACSNSF 0741973Chemistr

Mean Free Path in Disordered Multichannel Tight-Binding Wires

Transport in a disordered tight-binding wire involves a collection of different mean free paths resulting from the distinct fermi points, which correspond to the various scattering channels of the wire. The generalization of Thouless' relation between the mean free path and the localization length $\xi$ permits to define an average channel mean free path,$\bar\ell$, such that $\xi\sim N\bar\ell$ in an $N$-channel system. The averaged mean free path $\bar\ell$ is expressed exactly in terms of the total reflection coefficient of the wire and compared with the mean free path defined in the maximum entropy approach

New Fermionic Description of Quantum S = 1/2 Antiferromargnet

A novel approach to S =1/2 antiferromagnets with strong fluctuations based on the representation of spin-1/2 operators as bylinear forms of real (Majorana) fermions is suggested. This representation has the advantage of being irreducible without any constraints on the fermionic Hilbert space. This property allows to derive an effective Hamiltonian for low-lying excitations in the spin liquid state. It is proven that these excitations are S = 1 real fermions.Comment: 4 page

Thermal divergences on the event horizons of two-dimensional black holes

The expectation value of the stress-energy tensor \langleT_{\mu\nu}\rangle of a free conformally invariant scalar field is computed in a general static two-dimensional black hole spacetime when the field is in either a zero temperature vacuum state or a thermal state at a nonzero temperature. It is found that for every static two-dimensional black hole the stress-energy diverges strongly on the event horizon unless the field is in a state at the natural black hole temperature which is defined by the surface gravity of the event horizon. This implies that both extreme and nonextreme two-dimensional black holes can only be in equilibrium with radiation at the natural black hole temperature.Comment: 13 pages, REVTe