Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Akar Anting-Anting (Acalypha Indica L.) Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Mencit

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) terhadap kualitas spermatozoa mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas empat perlakuan dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting dengan dosis: 0 mg/kg bb (P0), 150 mg/kg bb (P1), 300 mg/kg bb (P2), dan 600 mg/kg bb (P3) yang diberikan sekali sehari selama 7 hari. Parameter kualitas spermatozoa adalah motilitas spermatozoa, keutuhan membran plasma, spermatozoa hidup, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa dari 200 spermatozoa. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting berpengaruh nyata dalam meningkatkan motilitas spermatozoa, jumlah spermatozoa dengan membran plasma utuh, dan jumlah spermatozoa hidup. Pemberian ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting dengan dosis 300 mg/kg bb dan 600 mg/kg bb merupakan dosis yang dapat meningkatkan libido, sedangkan dosis untuk meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa dosis adalah 600 mg/kg bb

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Akar Anting- Anting (Acalypha Indica) Terhadap Libido Mencit

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek pemberian ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting (Acalypha indica) terhadap libido mencit. Penelitian ini meng-gunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, terdiri atas empat perlakuan dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting dengan dosis: 0, 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kg bb yang diberikan sekali sehari selama 7 hari. Parameter libido yang diamati adalah mounting latency, intromission latency, dan jumlah orgasme. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting berpengaruh nyata dalam penyingkatan bermulanya mounting dan intromission, serta meningkatkan jumlah orgasme. Pemberian ekstrak etanol akar anting-anting dengan dosis 300 dan 600 mg/kg bb merupakan dosis yang dapat meningkatkan libido.This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of anting-anting (Acalypha indica) root ethanol extract on sexual arousal of mice. The experimental method with completely randomized design was applied, that consisted of four treatments and five repetition. The treatments were 0, 150, 300, dan 600 mg/kg bw anting-anting root ethanol extract given once a day for 7 days. Observed parameter were mounting latency, intromission latency, and the number of orgasm. The data was analyzed by analysis of variance and continued by Duncans multiple range test. The result showed that anting-anting root ethanol extract was significantly difference to shorten the starting of mounting, intromission, and increasing the number of orgasm. The application of anting-anting ethanol extract with dose of 300 and 600 mg/kg bw was able to increase sexual arousal

Sound level context modulates neural activity in the human brainstem

Optimal perception requires adaptation to sounds in the environment. Adaptation involves representing the acoustic stimulation history in neural response patterns, for example, by altering response magnitude or latency as sound-level context changes. Neurons in the auditory brainstem of rodents are sensitive to acoustic stimulation history and sound-level context (often referred to as sensitivity to stimulus statistics), but the degree to which the human brainstem exhibits such neural adaptation is unclear. In six electroencephalography experiments with over 125 participants, we demonstrate that the response latency of the human brainstem is sensitive to the history of acoustic stimulation over a few tens of milliseconds. We further show that human brainstem responses adapt to sound-level context in, at least, the last 44 ms, but that neural sensitivity to sound-level context decreases when the time window over which acoustic stimuli need to be integrated becomes wider. Our study thus provides evidence of adaptation to sound-level context in the human brainstem and of the timescale over which sound-level information affects neural responses to sound. The research delivers an important link to studies on neural adaptation in non-human animals

A Toolbox for Discrete Modelling of Cell Signalling Dynamics

In an age where the volume of data regarding biological systems exceeds our ability to analyse it, many researchers are looking towards systems biology and computational modelling to help unravel the complexities of gene and protein regulatory networks. In order to make such techniques more accessible to mainstream researchers, tools such as the BioModelAnalyzer (BMA) have been developed to provide a user-friendly graphical interface for discrete modelling of biological systems. Here we use the BMA to build a library of target functions of known molecular interactions, translated from ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We then show that these BMA target functions can be used to reconstruct complex networks, which can correctly predict many known genetic perturbations. This new library supports the accessibility ethos behind the creation of BMA, providing a toolbox for the construction of complex cell signalling models without the need for extensive experience in computer programming or mathematical modelling, and allows for construction and simulation of complex biological systems with only small amounts of quantitative data.Royal Societ

The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis

Background: An increasing knowledge of the global risk of malaria shows that the nations of the Americans have the lowest levels of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax endemicity worldwide, sustained, in part, by substantive integrated vector control. To help maintain and better target these efforts, knowledge of the contemporary distribution of each of the dominant vector species (DVS) of human malaria is needed, alongside a comprehensive understanding of the ecology and behaviour of each species.Results: A database of contemporary occurrence data for 41 of the DVS of human malaria was compiled from intensive searches of the formal and informal literature. The results for the nine DVS of the Americas are described in detail here. Nearly 6000 occurrence records were gathered from 25 countries in the region and were complemented by a synthesis of published expert opinion range maps, refined further by a technical advisory group of medical entomologists. A suite of environmental and climate variables of suspected relevance to anopheline ecology were also compiled from open access sources. These three sets of data were then combined to produce predictive species range maps using the Boosted Regression Tree method. The predicted geographic extent for each of the following species (or species complex*) are provided: Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albimanus Wiedemann, 1820, An. (Nys.) albitaris*, An. (Nys.) aquasalis Curry, 1932, An. (Nys.) darlingi Root, 1926, An. (Anopheles) freeborni Aitken, 1939, An. (Nys.) marajoara Galvāo & Damasceno, 1942, An. (Nys.) nuneztovari*, An. (Ano.) pseudopunctipennis* and An. (Ano.) quadrimaculatus Say, 1824. A bionomics review summarising ecology and behaviour relevant to the the control of each of these species was also compiled.Conclusions: The distribution maps and bionomics review should both be considered as a starting point in an ongoing process of (i) describing the distributions of these DVS (since the opportunistic samples of occurrence data assembled can be substantially improved) and (ii) documenting their contemporary bionomics (since intervention and control pressures can act to modify behavioural traits). This is the first in a series of three articles describing the distribution of the 41 global DVS worldwide. The remaining two publications will describe those vectors found in (i) Africa, Europe and the Middle East and (ii) in Asia. All geographic distribution maps are being made available in the public domain according to the open access principles of the Malaria Atlas Project

Examination of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli population structure during human infection

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) can cause severe diarrhea and death in children in developing countries; however, bacterial diversity in natural infection is uncharacterized. In this study, we explored the natural population variation of ETEC from individuals with cholera-like diarrhea. Genomic sequencing and comparative analysis of multiple ETEC isolates from twelve cases of severe diarrhea demonstrated clonal populations in the majority of subjects (10/12). In contrast, a minority of individuals (2/12) yielded phylogenomically divergent ETEC isolates. Detailed examination revealed that isolates also differed in virulence factor content. These genomic data suggest that severe, cholera-like ETEC infections are largely caused by a clonal population of organisms within individual patients. Additionally, the isolation of similar clones from geographically and temporally dispersed cases with similar clinical presentations suggests that some isolates are particularly suited for virulence. The identification of multiple genomically diverse isolates with variable virulence factor profiles from a single subject highlights the dynamic nature of ETEC, as well as a potential weakness in the examination of cultures obtained from a single colony in clinical settings. These findings have implications for vaccine design and provide a framework for the study of population variation in other human pathogens

A 4-gene expression score associated with high levels of Wilms Tumor-1 (WT1) expression is an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukaemia

Wilms Tumor-1 (WT1) expression level is implicated in the prognosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We hypothesized that a gene expression profile associated with WT1 expression levels might be a good surrogate marker. We identified high WT1 gene sets by comparing the gene expression profiles in the highest and lowest quartiles of WT1 expression in two large AML studies. Two high WT1 gene sets were found to be highly correlated in terms of the altered genes and expression profiles. We identified a 17-probe set signature of the high WT1 set as the optimal prognostic predictor in the first AML set, and showed that it was able to predict prognosis in the second AML series after adjustment for Europe

On the gauge and BRST invariance of the chiral QED with Faddeevian anomaly

Chiral Schwinger model with the Faddeevian anomaly is considered. It is found that imposing a chiral constraint this model can be expressed in terms of chiral boson. The model when expressed in terms of chiral boson remains anomalous and the Gauss law of which gives anomalous Poisson brackets between itself. In spite of that a systematic BRST quantization is possible. The Wess-Zumino term corresponding to this theory appears automatically during the process of quantization. A gauge invariant reformulation of this model is also constructed. Unlike the former one gauge invariance is done here without any extension of phase space. This gauge invariant version maps onto the vector Schwinger model.The gauge invariant version of the chiral Schwinger model for $a=2$ has a massive field with identical mass however gauge invariant version obtained here does not map on to that.Comment: 11 pages latex, no figures, A little change in Title and abstrac

Attribute and technology value mapping for conceptual product design phase

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science following peer review. The final, definite version of this paper has been published in Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Aris Georgiou, George Haritos, Moyra Fowler, and Yasmin Imani, ‘Attribute and technology value mapping for conceptual product design phase’, Vol. 230(11): 1745-1756, May 2016, published by SAGE Publishing, available online at doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406215585595. Copyright © 2016 The Author(s).The main focus of this paper is how the concept design phase of the product development process can be improved by using an objective data-driven approach in selecting a final concept design to progress further. A quantitative new test-bed ‘Product Optimisation Value Engineering’ (PROVEN) is presented to critically assess new and evolving powertrain technologies at the concept design phase. The new test-bed has the ability to define a technology value map to assess multiple technical options as a function of its attributes, whose precise values can be determined at a given cost. A mathematical model that incorporates a highly adaptable, data-driven and multi-attribute value approach to product specification and conceptual design is developed, novel to the concept design process. This creates a substantially optimised product offering to the market, reducing overall development costs while achieving customer satisfactionPeer reviewe