Effect of Cell Density and Benzyl Amino Purine on the Growth of Somatic Embryo of Citrus Mandarin Batu 55 (Citrus Reticulata Blanco.) in Liquid Culture

Citrus mandarin Batu 55 (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) is one of Indonesian fruits commodities that have high economic value and consumers demand. The propagation of citrus mandarin by plant tissue culture generally was carried out on solid medium. The liquid culture system could increase cell multiplication therefore it became alternative method of plant propagation through somatic embryogenesis. The effect of initial cell density and Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) concentration in liquid media were investigated. The initial cells density and right concentration of BAP given in media can increase cell proliferation of somatic embryo in liquid culture. Globular somatic embryo were cultured on Murashige and Tucker media with initial cell density 4, 6, 8 and 10 mgL-1 and BAP 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mgL-1. Growth evaluation of somatic embryo were obtained by weighing fresh and dry weight every 2 weeks for 8 weeks for initial cell density treatment and 6 weeks of BAP treatment. The result of the research showed that cell density affect the growth of somatic embryo of citrus mandarin. Somatic embryo with low cell density showed slower growth compared than high cell density. Peak growth occured in 6th cultured with cell density 10 mgL-1. In addition to cell density, the growth of somatic embryo in liquid culture was affected by BAP. The growth of somatic embryo on the media containing BAP showed better results than without BAP. The highest BAP concentration on media showed fresh and dry weight of somatic embryo increased. In this research, growth of somatic embryo is not optimal yet because fresh and dry weights of somatic embryo still increase with high concentration 0.75 mgL-1 of BAP

Water and Chlorophyll Content and Leaf Anatomy of Patchouli Planlet (Pogostemon Cablin Benth.) Resulted by Shoot-tip Culture Experience Hyperhydricity After Treatment of Modification Ammonium Nitrate or Macro Salt Concentration on MS Medium (Murashige Skoog)

Hyperhydricity is a symptom of abnormal morphological and physiological function which inhibits the regeneration of plantlets. In general, the main symptom of hyperhydricity is a change in the condition of the plantlets which looks clear (Glassy) as a result of low levels of chlorophyll, the high water content in the plantlets, and the abnormal anatomical structure of the leaves. Hyperhydricity can be controlled by reducing cytokinin concentration, increasing gelling agent concentration, and reducing ammonium nitrate and macro salt concentration on medium. Objective of this research was to reduce hyperhydricity in shoot tip culture of patchouli by modification of ammonium nitrate and macro salt concentration on MS medium. The various treatment concentrations of ammonium nitrate were 0 mg.L-1 (0), 41.25 mg.L-1 (¼ concentration), 825 mg.L-1 (½ concentration), 1650 mg.L-1 (1 concentration) and macro salt MS with 0, ¼ MS, ½ MS, MS with 5 replications. Hyperhydricity on patchouli shoots could be lowered, as indicated by the decrease in water content from 96% to 90-91%, the increase in total chlorophyll content, and the increased number of palisade cells and stomata on the leaf treatment outcome. The concentration treatment of ammonium nitrate showed better results than the concentration of macros salt in increasing the total chlorophyll content, but it did not differ significantly in lowering water levels and increasing the number of palisade cells and stomata. ¼x concentration treatment of ammonium nitrate could increase chlorophyll content of 0.16 to 0.97 mg.g-1, but MS with 1x concentration showed the best result in the increase of number of palisade cells and stomata of the leaves

Effects of Low Temperature on Somatic Embryos Growth, Maturation and Planlet Regeneration of Citrus Mandarin Var Batu 55 (Citrus Reticulata Blanco.)

This study was aimed to determine the effect of incubation at 4°C temperature during multiplication stage of somatic embryos on growth, maturation and plantlets regeneration of citrus Mandarin var Batu 55. Globular somatic embryos were cultured on MT (Murashige & Tucker) medium and incubated at 4°C temperature for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks. Maturation of somatic embryos was induced by transfering globular somatic embryos on maturation medium (MT + 50 mgl-1 malt extract + 73 mM sorbitol + 73 mM galactose). Cotyledonary embryo was regenerated on MT medium + 50 mgl-1 malt extract + 30 gL-1 sucrose + 2 ppm GA3. The research showed that maturation of somatic embyos at 4°C temperature inhibited growth and maturation of somatic embyos. Fresh weight of somatic embryo incubated at 4°C for 2 weeks lower than fresh weight of embryo cultured without incubation at 4°C, and continuous decline in longer incubation period. Maturation percentage of embryos without incubation at 4°C temperature was 15%, but embryos incubated at 4°C temperature were lower than 9%. There was no effect of incubation at 4°C temperature during somatic embryos multiplication stage on plantlet regeneration percentage

The Effect of Gibberellin on Somatic Embryo Growth and Maturation and Plantlet Regeneration of Tangerine (Citrus Reticulata Blanco.) Var. Batu 55

The effect of gibberellin at multiplication stage on somatic embryo growth and maturation and plantlet regeneration of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) var. Batu 55 was assessed. Somatic embryo at globular phase was cultured on MT media + 30 gL-1 sucrose and various concentrations of gibberellin (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm). The somatic embryo was maturated on MT media + 500 ppm malt extract + 73 mM sorbitol + 73 mM galactose. Cotyledonary somatic embryo was regenerated into plantlet on MT media + 500 ppm malt extract + 30 gL-1 sucrose + 2 ppm GA3. The results showed that the addition of gibberellin in somatic embryo multiplication stage increased somatic embryo growth and maturation and plantlet regeneration of tangerine. Optimum concentration of gibberellin needed for somatic embryo growth was 4 ppm which yielded two-fold fresh weight compared to control. The percentage of maturation was very low below 5%. The addition of gibberellin in media at embryo multiplication stage slightly increased the percentage of maturation about 1-2%. Thirty percent of cotyledonary embryo was able to regenerate into plantlet. The addition of gibberellin in media at embryo multiplication stage increased the regeneration percentage, even the addition of 8 ppm gibberelline yielded regeneration percentage up to 70%

Effects of Sugar Type and Concentration on Batu 55 Mandarin (Citrus Reticulata Blanco.) Somatic Embryo Maturation

When obtaining plantlets, embryo maturation and simultaneous germination are important steps in plant micropropagation via somatic embryogenesis. Several studies have shown that the use of carbohydrates as a carbon source plays a significant role in inducing somatic embryo development in certain plant species. This study aimed to establish a somatic embryo maturation protocol for Batu 55 Mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco.) by examining the effect of various types of sugar and concentrations. The results showed that the type and concentration of sugar added to the medium affect the somatic embryo maturation of Batu 55 Mandarin. Galactose and maltose enhance somatic embryo maturation more effectively than does sorbitol. The combination of galactose or maltose with sorbitol was able to improve somatic embryo maturation more effectively than galactose or maltose alone. The combination of galactose and sorbitol enhanced the maturation of somatic embryos more effectively than did change the concentrations of maltose or sorbitol. It can be concluded that sugar type and concentration had effects on citrus somatic embryo development. The combination of sorbitol (36.5 mM) with galactose 73 mM was able to augment citrus somatic embryo maturation more effectively than the other concentrations applied

KOMUNITAS EKONOMI SEDERHANA KREATIF GLASS CHIP (KERIPIK KACA ) KELURAHAN PASIR GUNUNG SELATAN KECAMATAN CIMANGGIS, DEPOK – JAWA BARAT

Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Masyarakat Mandiri Berbasis IPTEK Melalui Kreasi Makanan Glass Chip (Keripik Kaca) di RT 02 RW 02 Kelurahan Pasir Gunung Selatan, Kecamatan Cimanggis, Depok – Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu bentuk implementasi kemandirian dan kesejahteraan masyarakat maka dengan adanya tulisan ilmiah ini merupakan salah satu sinergitas pendidikan, penelitian, dan pengabdian di perguruan tinggi. Masyarakat Mandiri Berbasis IPTEK Melalui Kreasi Makanan Glass Chip (Keripik Kaca) di RT 02 RW 02 Kelurahan Pasir Gunung Selatan, Kecamatan Cimanggis, Depok – Jawa Barat dapat meningkatkan kualitas serta kemampuan pada masyarakat pada bidang industri kreatif sehingga dapat memiliki daya bersaing yang kuat. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis data hingga ditemukannya suatu bahan kajian lebih lanjut dalam penelitian ini. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif yang mana prosesnya berbentuk siklus. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode Participatory Rural Appraisal  (PRA

Drought Resistant Selection On Soybean Somaclonal Variants

This research was conducted to evaluate the yield potential of 19 somaclonal variants resulting from in vitro selection when planted under drought stress condition in the field. Field test was done by planting the variants, the parents, and checked varieties in the field during dry season, and was irrigated once a week for non-stress and once two weeks for drought stress treatment. Split-plot design arranged in a factorial (2 x 28) with three replications was used in this research. Observations were done on yield and yield components. Analysis of variance was used to see the difference between treatments and then it was continued with analysis using Honestly Significant Difference test to find out the best treatments. There was no interaction between genotype and drought stress on seed yield. Different genotypes showed a significant difference on this character. It indicated that the yield potential of selected variants was not affected by drought stress treatment. This research gave 10 variants having the potential to be developed as drought resistant genotypes. However, these ten potential genotypes need to be tested further in field trial to find out the yield adaptability and stability and their resistance to drought stress