Veraenderung der Carabiden-Artengemeinschaft nach Verkleinerung des Habitas Fachbeitrag

SIGLETIB: AC 8390+MF / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

COST action FP0801 - established and emerging phytophthora: Increasing threats to woodland and forest ecosystems in Europe

With the rapidly growing international trade in plants and ongoing impacts of climate change, impacts of plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora are increasing, threatening the biodiversity and sustainability of European forest ecosystems. Through the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) framework Action FP0801, scientists and disease-control experts are working on phytophthora in forest ecosystems with the overall aim of increasing understanding of the biology and ecology of Phytophthora species with potential to cause damage to European forestry. This knowledge will be used in the development of effective control and management protocols for the problems caused. Outcomes of the Action will be promoted in an effort to increase knowledge and awareness of the problem by disseminating information to end-users and authorities in the forestry sector, and to he general public. Four interrelated working groups have been established to (i) examine the ways n which Phytophthora species spread into and within Europe; (ii) determine how phytophthoras kill oody plants and elucidate mechanisms for host resistance; (iii) disseminate state-of-the-art rapid olecular diagnostic techniques, and (iv) seek sustainable protocols for management and control of he diseases. The project is expected to increase understanding of threats to forest ecosystems y phytophthora, improve the ability to rapidly detect phytophthora in environmental samples, and rovide sustainable management solutions to the diseases caused by these destructive organisms

COST action FP801- established and emerging Phytophthora: incresasing threats to woodland and forest ecosystems in Europe

With the rapidly growing international trade in plants and ongoing impacts of climate change, impacts of plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora are increasing, threatening the biodiversity and sustainability of European forest ecosystems. Through the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) framework Action FP0801, scientists and disease-control experts are working on phytophthora in forest ecosystems with the overall aim of increasing understanding of the biology and ecology of Phytophthora species with potential to cause damage to European forestry. This knowledge will be used in the development of effective control and management protocols for the problems caused. Outcomes of the Action will be promoted in an effort to increase knowledge and awareness of the problem by disseminating information to end-users and authorities in the forestry sector, and to he general public. Four interrelated working groups have been established to (i) examine the ways n which Phytophthora species spread into and within Europe; (ii) determine how phytophthoras kill oody plants and elucidate mechanisms for host resistance; (iii) disseminate state-of-the-art rapid olecular diagnostic techniques, and (iv) seek sustainable protocols for management and control of he diseases. The project is expected to increase understanding of threats to forest ecosystems y phytophthora, improve the ability to rapidly detect phytophthora in environmental samples, and rovide sustainable management solutions to the diseases caused by these destructive organism

Phytophthora ramorum sp. nov., a new pathogen on Rhododendron and Viburnum

Since 1993, a hitherto unidentified Phytophthora species has been found associated with twig blight disease in Rhododendron and, sporadically, Viburnum. The morphology and growth characteristics of fourteen isolates from Germany and the Netherlands were investigated, together with their breeding system, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints, and isozyme profiles, which were compared to those of a number of outgroup species. Morphologically the isolates are characterized by abundant production of chlamydospores and elongate, ellipsoid, deciduous sporangia with a short pedicel, in which they resemble P. palmivora. However, sporangia were semi-papillate, chlamydospores were much larger and cardinal temperatures much lower than those of P. palmivora. Oogonia with amphigynous antheridia and plerotic oospores were produced in dual cultures with an A2 mating type strain of P. cryptogea. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences of the unidentified species were closest to those of P. lateralis, but differed in three and eight nucleotides respectively from the latter species AFLP fingerprints and isozyme patterns of malate dehydrogenase (MDH-2) and malic enzyme (MDHP) showed that the isolates formed a homogeneous group, distinct from all examined outgroup species, including P. lateralis. It was concluded that they represent a new Phytophthora species, described here as P. ramorum sp. nov. In pathogenicity tests all isolates of P. ramorum were pathogenic to Rhododendron