Pola Sebaran Sedimen Mengandung Gas Berdasarkan Interpretasi Seismik Pantul Dangkal di Perairan Ujung Pangkah, Gresik, Jawa Timur

Dari hasil interpretasi seismik di daerah penelitian dapat dikenali 4 runtunan yaitu runtunan A, B C dan Runtunan D serta sedimen mengandung gas (gas charged sediment) dengan konfigurasi rekaman adalah bebas pantul (free reflection). Pola sebaran sedimen mengandung gas menempati 2 zona yaitu zona I di sebelah selatan Tanjung Wedora dan zona II sebelah utara Tanjung Wedora sampai Ujung Pangkah. Sebaran sedimen mengandung gas hanya dapat dikenali secara lateral, sedangkan secara vertikal sangat sulit untuk dikenali. Keterdapatan sedimen mengandung gas diperkirakan menempati runtunan C yang tersebar secara merata di daerah telitian. Shallow seismic interpretation indicate that the stratigraphy of , the study area can be divided into 4 sequences namely sequence A, B, C and D, In the study area, the gas charged sediments also were indicated. The spreading of gas charged sediment occupied at two zones those are zone one in the south off Tanjung Wedora and zone two in the north off Tanjung Wedora extend to Ujung Pangkah. Spreading trends of the gas charged sediment can be recognized laterally, while vertically is quit dificult. While the existing of gas charged sediment is suggested in sequence C which is spreading on the whole of study area

Analisis Respon Petani Apel terhadap Penerapan Sistem Pertanian Organik di Bumiaji, Batu

Sistem Pertanian Organik merupakan alternatif untuk mengatasi penurunan kesuburan lahan dan kerusakan lingkungan yang lebih parah serta mahalnya harga pupuk dan obat-obatan kimia yang diperlukan dalam kegiatan USAhatani. Tetapi sejauh ini masih banyak petani yang belum menerapkan teknologi tersebut dalam USAhataninya termasuk petani apel di Bumiaji, Batu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keuntungan USAhatani apel organik, menganalisis resiko produksi USAhatani apel organik, dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan petani apel dalam penerapan sistem pertanian organik. Penelitian dilakukan di Bumiaji, Batu selama 5 bulan dimulai pada bulan Oktober 2011 sampai bulan Februari 2012, menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 50 petani apel. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sampel gugus (cluster sampling metode) yaitu populasi dibagi ke dalam satuan-satuan (cluster) sampling yang besar yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan pembagian desa di Kecamatan Bumiaji. Hasil analisis regresi fungsi keuntungan Cobb Douglass menyimpulkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap keuntungan USAhatani apel organik adalah harga bibit, harga pupuk kandang, harga herbisida, dan upah tenaga kerja, dengan pengaruh terbesar adalah variabel harga bibit. Sedangkan hasil analisis fungsi resiko produksi Cobb Douglass menyimpulkan bahwa harga bibit, harga fungisida, harga herbisida pengaruhnya kecil terhadap produksi apel organik, sedangkan harga output dan iklim mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap produksi apel organik. Sementara itu harga pupuk kandang, insektisida, upah tenaga kerja dan hama penyakit tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap resiko produksi USAhatani apel organik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan model logit menunjukkan bahwa luas lahan, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengalaman dan pendapatan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan petani apel untuk menerapkan sistem pertanian organik. Variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh terbesar terhadap keputusan petani untuk menerapkan sistem pertanian organik adalah pendapatan USAhatani apel. Sedangkan variabel umur dan pendidikan petani tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan petani untuk menerapkan sistem pertanian organik

Peluang Pengembangan Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Sumbawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat Ditinjau dari Aspek Karakteristik dan Gejala Perubahan Garis Pantai

Perkembangan pemanfaatan daerah pesisir pantai Sumbawa Barat sejak 7 tahun terakhir menjadi sangat pesat baik sebagai daerah hunian, pertambakan, budidaya laut maupun sebagai daerah tujuan wisata. Bagian utara daerah telitian yaitu daerah Labuan Tano sampai Labuan Sepakek, Kecamatan Seteluk, berkembang pesat sebagai lahan pertambakan, sedangkan di bagian tengah yaitu di Teluk Taliwang Kecamatan Taliwang, pesisir dan laut dimanfaatkan untuk budidaya laut (kerang mutiara) yang diusahakan secara modern. Di bagian selatan yang berkembang sebagai kota wisata adalah Desa Maluk, Kecamatan Jereweh. Perkembangan Desa Maluk ini tidak disertai oleh daya dukung lingkungan dan perencanaan yang terpadu sehingga cepat atau lambat akan membawa dampak lingkungan yang negatif,baik di pesisir maupun di laut. Beberapa daerah yang direkomendasikan untuk dikembangkan sebagai tujuan wisata pantai dan laut adalah bagian selatan Labuan Sepakek, Lb. Balat, Teluk Kertasari, Teluk Benette, Teluk Jelenga dan Maluk, sedangkan Labuan Tentong, dan bagian utara Tg. Kertasari cocok untuk dikembangkan sebagai tempat budidaya tambak dengan memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan. Since the last 7 years, the developing use of the coastal area of West Sumbawa very rapidly increase as the fishponds, sea estates and tourism objects. The northern part of the study area, from Labuan Tano to Labuan Sepakek Kecamatan Seteluk rapidly develope as the fishpond areas, while in Taliwang Bay Kecamatan Taliwang, the coastal and sea are used for sea estate by using modern technology. The southern part of the study area, developes as a tourism city at Desa Maluk, Kecamatan Jereweh. The developing of Desa Maluk is not supported by the environmental carrying capacity and the integrated programme, therefor soon or latter it will bring the bed environmental impacts on the coastal or sea areas. Some areas that recommended to be developed as the tourism objects, are the southern part of Labuan Sepakek, Labuan Balad, Kertasari Bay, Bennette Bay, Jelenga Bay and Maluk, while Labuan Tetong in the northern part of Kertasari Bay is suitable to be developed for fishponds estate with a sustainable environmental consideration

Ad hoc, Modular, Probabilistic, Enhanced Routing

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).An ad hoc network is a group of mobile nodes that autonomously establish connectivity via multi-hop wireless links, without relying on any pre-configured network infrastructure. Traditional ad hoc routing protocols use a large number of routing packets to adapt to network changes, thereby reducing the amount of bandwidth left to carry data. Moreover, they route data packets along a single path from source to destination, which introduces considerable latency for recovery from a link failure along this path. Finally, they often use the minimum hop count as a basis for routing, which does not always guarantee a high throughput. This thesis presents AMPER (Ad hoc, Modular, Probabilistic, Enhanced Routing), an ad hoc routing protocol that minimizes the routing packet overhead, allows the use of alternate paths in the event of a link outage, and employs - without loss of generality - the expected number of transmissions to make forwarding decisions. Following the design of AMPER, ns-2 is used to simulate it, evaluate it and compare it to other ad hoc routing protocols.by Abdallah W. Jabbour.S.M

Recycling aluminium AA6061 chips with reinforced boron carbide (B4C) and zirconia (ZrO2) particles via hot extrusion

Compared to the recycling process by remelting, hot extrusion significantly reduces the energy consumption and CO2 emission and ensures good mechanical and microstructural properties. This study investigates the effects of reinforcing aluminium AA6061 chips with mixed boron carbide (B4C) and zirconia (ZrO2) particles by employing a design of experiment (DOE) under 550 °C processing temperature and three hours preheating time. The findings showed that compressive strength (CS) and hardness increased with up to 5% added particles, and beyond 5%, the yielded values decreased because of materials agglomeration. However, the decreasing density was dependent on the addition of ZrO2 particles. The distribution of particles with different volume fractions of mixed particles was investigated by employing SEM, AFM, and EDS tests. Thus, the process can produce a net shape structure that utilises material-bonding consolidation to provide sufficient support to reuse the recovered materials in engineering applications, such as in the automotive industry

IL-22BP controls the progression of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer

BackgroundThe immune system plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Interleukin 22 binding protein (IL-22BP), a natural antagonist of the cytokine interleukin 22 (IL-22) has been shown to control the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of IL-22BP in the process of metastasis formation remains unknown.MethodsWe used two different murine in vivo metastasis models using the MC38 and LLC cancer cell lines and studied lung and liver metastasis formation after intracaecal or intrasplenic injection of cancer cells. Furthermore, IL22BP expression was measured in a clinical cohort of CRC patients and correlated with metastatic tumor stages.ResultsOur data indicate that low levels of IL-22BP are associated with advanced (metastatic) tumor stages in colorectal cancer. Using two different murine in vivo models we show that IL-22BP indeed controls the progression of liver but not lung metastasis in mice.ConclusionsWe here demonstrate a crucial role of IL-22BP in controlling metastasis progression. Thus, IL-22 might represent a future therapeutic target against the progression of metastatic CRC

PLoS One

Metabolism is a critical basis for immune cell functionality. It was recently shown that NK cell subsets from peripheral blood modulate their expression of nutrient receptors following cytokine stimulation, demonstrating that NK cells can adjust to changes in metabolic requirements. As nutrient availability in blood and tissues can significantly differ, we examined NK cells isolated from paired blood-liver and blood-spleen samples and compared expression of the nutrient transporters Glut1, CD98 and CD71. CD56bright tissue-resident (CXCR6+) NK cells derived from livers and spleens expressed lower levels of Glut1 but higher levels of the amino acid transporter CD98 following stimulation than CD56bright NK cells from peripheral blood. In line with that, CD56dim NK cells, which constitute the main NK cell population in the peripheral blood, expressed higher levels of Glut1 and lower levels of CD98 and CD71 compared to liver CD56bright NK cells. Our results show that NK cells from peripheral blood differ from liver- and spleen-resident NK cells in the expression profile of nutrient transporters, consistent with a cell-adaptation to the different nutritional environment in these compartments