A Brief History of Engineering Technology and a Case for Applied Engineering

This paper will present a brief history on Engineering Technology. It will then make the case why the four-year programs should be called “Applied Engineering.Cockrell School of Engineerin

Associations between Feeling and Judging the Emotions of Happiness and Fear: Findings from a Large-Scale Field Experiment

Background: How do we recognize emotions from other people? One possibility is that our own emotional experiences guide us in the online recognition of emotion in others. A distinct but related possibility is that emotion experience helps us to learn how to recognize emotions in childhood. Methodology/Principal Findings: We explored these ideas in a large sample of people (N = 4,608) ranging from 5 to over 50 years old. Participants were asked to rate the intensity of emotional experience in their own lives, as well as to perform a task of facial emotion recognition. Those who reported more intense experience of fear and happiness were significantly more accurate (closer to prototypical) in recognizing facial expressions of fear and happiness, respectively, and intense experience of fear was associated also with more accurate recognition of surprised and happy facial expressions. The associations held across all age groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that the intensity of one's own emotional experience of fear and happiness correlates with the ability to recognize these emotions in others, and demonstrate such an association as early as age 5

A comparison of forensic toolkits and mass market data recovery applications

Digital forensic application suites are large, expensive, complex software products, offering a range of functions to assist in the investigation of digital artifacts. Several authors have raised concerns as to the reliability of evidence derived from these products. This is of particular concern, given that many forensic suites are closed source and therefore can only be subject to black box evaluation. In addition, many of the individual functions integrated into forensic suites are available as commercial stand-alone products, typically at a much lower cost, or even free. This paper reports research which compared (rather than individually evaluated) the data recovery function of two forensic suites and three stand alone `non-forensic' commercial applications. The research demonstrates that, for this function at least, the commercial data recovery tools provide comparable performance to that of the forensic software suites. In addition, the research demonstrates that there is some variation in results presented by all of the data recovery tools

Hardening electronic devices against very high total dose radiation environments

The possibilities and limitations of hardening silicon semiconductor devices to the high neutron and gamma radiation levels and greater than 10 to the eighth power rads required for the NERVA nuclear engine development are discussed. A comparison is made of the high dose neutron and gamma hardening potential of bipolar, metal insulator semiconductors and junction field effect transistors. Experimental data is presented on device degradation for the high neutron and gamma doses. Previous data and comparisons indicate that the JFET is much more immune to the combined neutron displacement and gamma ionizing effects than other transistor types. Experimental evidence is also presented which indicates that p channel MOS devices may be able to meet the requirements

Spontaneous Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances in Domestic Animals

Most of the common arrhythmias and conduction disturbances have been reported in domestic mammals. Prevalence data, however, are not available from unselected population samples, and little information is at hand on long-term studies of individual cases. A discussion of some of these disturbances, therefore, must necessarily rely more heavily upon clinical impression than is desirable. Data have been published on normal electrocardiograms in different species, which, coupled with published case series, individual case reports, and observations made at the Heart Station of the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, provide the basis for this presentation. This information suggests that certain arrhythmias and conduction disturbances occur commonly in some species and should be regarded as normal variants. In animals, departures from the normal regular sinus rhythm characteristic of adult humans apparently result from a relatively greater vagal influence on the cardiac pacemaker and conduction tissues. This certainly accounts for respiratory sinus arrhythmia in dogs. In horses, high resting vagal activity is considered accountable for sinus arrhythmia (respiratory and non-respiratory), wandering pacemaker, varying P-R interval, SA block, and incomplete AV block with dropped beats. Although these arrhythmias and conduction disturbances may occur with primary heart disease, or disease primarily affecting vagal activity, their frequent occurrence in the absence of detectable heart disease and also their disappearance with increased heart rate following exercise, excitement, or atropine, support the view that vagal activity rather than primary heart disease accounts for the majority of occasions in which they are observed. Frequently, more than one of the preceding arrhythmias are observed in one individual in the same or subsequent tracings; therefore frequency data often reflect some overlapping. It is useful, however, to present them individually when discussing more specific information

Changing Breed Predispositions in Canine Heart Disease

Breed predispositions for some types of congenital heart disease were recognized 30 years ago and led to breeding experiments that confirmed the genetic transmission of specific congenital heart defects in most instances. As a result, certain breeds were associated with certain diseases, and this became a legitimate consideration in the differential diagnosis of some abnormalities in the absence of more definite diagnostic studies. As an example, a significant systolic murmur in a young Newfoundland dog means sub-aortic stenosis (SAS) until proven otherwise. The diagnosis of SAS is usually confirmed by Doppler echocardiography or angiocardiography. Although cardiologists take breed into consideration, they still rely on proper examination and appropriate diagnostic procedures; however, practitioners are comes pressed to give opinions on the likelihood of particular diagnoses and prognoses without benefit of a full work-up. In this setting, knowledge of new and changing breed predispositions can be helpful. In recent years, some defects and new breeds have been found to be overrepresented in cardiology clinics across the country. All practitioners need to be alert in order to recognize new breed predispositions and counsel breeders accordingly. Of particular note is the rising frequency of SAS in Golden Retriever and Rottweiler dogs. The purpose of this presentation is to describe changing breed predispositions that have been observed in recent years and share the results of a recent tabulation of data at our institution as well as 1987- 1989 data in the national Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) at Purdue University

Tracheal Signs and Associated Vascular Anomalies in Dogs With Persistent Right Aortic Arch

Medical records of 55 dogs with 1 or more vascular rings around the esophagus and trachea were reviewed to determine the nature and frequency of related vascular anomalies and to determine the reliability of tracheal deviation on radiographs for the diagnosis of persistent right aortic arch (PRAA). Fifty-two (95%) of the 55 dogs had PRAA. Of the 52 dogs with PRAA, 44% had coexisting compressive arterial anomalies: 17 had retroesophageal left subclavian artery and 6 had double aortic arch with atretic left arch. Characteristic tracheal deviation was consistently present in dogs with PRAA. Moderate or marked focal leftward curvature of the trachea near the cranial border of the heart in dorsoventral (DV) or ventrodorsal (VD) radiographs was found in 100% of available radiographs of 27 dogs with PRAA. Moderate or marked focal narrowing of the trachea also was noted in 74% of DV or VD radiographs and 29% of lateral radiographs of the dogs. Tracheal position in 30 of 30 dogs with megaesophagus and 62 of 63 control dogs was midline or rightward in VD or DV radiographs. Histology in a neonatal dog with PRAA revealed evidence of tracheal deviation and compression even before birth. Focal leftward deviation of the trachea near the cranial border of the heart in DV or VD radiographs is a reliable sign of PRAA in young dogs that regurgitate after eating solid food, and contrast esophagrams are not necessary to confirm the diagnosis of vascular ring compression

Chronic Valve Disease and Left Atrial Splitting in the Dog [Dissertation]

Age, sex, and breed evaluations of 392 dogs with chronic valve disease (CVD) from a survey of 4,831 dogs revealed a predominance of CVD in purebred male dogs. Male Cocker Spaniels were most frequently affected. A questionnaire survey concerning aspects of medical history, environment, behavior, and survival was made 3-5 years after initial clinical examinations on 471 dogs. This study revealed no marked differences between dogs with CVD and dogs with no heart disease, except that dogs with CVD more often had signs of congestive heart failure. Endocardial and endomyocardial splitting of the left atrium occurred in 30 dogs with CVD; primarily in males of the Dachshund and Cocker Spaniel breeds. Left atrial perforation in several of the cases caused hemopericardium or acquired atrial septal defects which could be diagnosed by clinical means. The cause of splitting was considered to be left atrial dilatation with left atrial degeneration playing primarily a permissive role. Lipid deposition in the endocardium and ruptured chordae tendineae was found in preliminary frozen section studies. A method of postmortem cardiotomy was developed which permitted recognition of spontaneously ruptured cordae tendineae were frequently found in dogs with severe chronic valve disease with or without left atrial splitting. The Dachshund, Cocker Spaniel, and Beagle breeds in varying order constituted the three most common breeds with CVD, left atrial splitting or the intervertebral disc syndrome. This finding was suggestive of an underlying connective tissue disorder predominant in those breeds which have been classified by others as belonging to a chondrodystrophoid group. Radiographic studies of dogs with left atrial enlargement revealed a characteristic bulge in the dorsoventral cardiac silhouette caused by dilatation of the left atrial appendage. This was most apparent in dogs with left atrial splitting. Clinical and pathological studies on 60 hyperimmune dogs from which blood was withdrawn by cardiocentesis for immune serum production revealed serious heart disease in nearly all dogs. This was considered the results of weekly cardiocentesis for periods up to three years rather than the results of repeated vaccinations during this time

Iron Overload

A CAJM article on iron overload.Recent investigations,' have suggested that the average amount of' usable storage iron in a normal male is about lg, values above l,5g being unusual, and above 2,2g constitute iron overload. (Weinfeld, 1970). In males about 0,4g of storage iron is present in liver. Storage iron exists in tissues in two forms, viz., as ferritin which is soluble in water and does not stain with Prussian blue, and as haemosiderin which is insoluble and does stain with this reagent. At concentrations of less than approximately 0,25mg/g wet weight of tissue the iron is in the form of ferritin and so cannot be demonstrated histologically; above this concentration granules of haemosiderin are formed and these can be seen histologically. In both of these compounds iron is in the form of a colloidal complex