Serologic and immunohistochemical prognostic biomarkers of cutaneous malignancies

Biomarkers are important tools in clinical diagnosis and prognostic classification of various cutaneous malignancies. Besides clinical and histopathological aspects (e.g. anatomic site and type of the primary tumour, tumour size and invasion depth, ulceration, vascular invasion), an increasing variety of molecular markers have been identified, providing the possibility of a more detailed diagnostic and prognostic subgrouping of tumour entities, up to even changing existing classification systems. Recently published gene expression or proteomic profiling data relate to new marker molecules involved in skin cancer pathogenesis, which may, after validation by suitable studies, represent future prognostic or predictive biomarkers in cutaneous malignancies. We, here, give an overview on currently known serologic and newer immunohistochemical biomarker molecules in the most common cutaneous malignancies, malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous lymphoma, particularly emphasizing their prognostic and predictive significance

CORRIGENDUM Crane migration in northern New Mexico

These tables were not included in the above article. They are published here so that interested readers will have access to them while reading the results and discussion presented in that paper. It is now well documented that sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) from outside the Rocky Mountain Population stage in spring and autumn in the San Luis Valley of southern Colorado (Benning et al. 1997). Therefore, the high autumn counts reported in the 1988 paper and discussed in relation to Table 3 could also have included cranes from other populations

AVAILABILITY OF STOPOVER HABITAT FOR MIGRANT WHOOPING CRANES IN NEBRASKA

Four stratified random samples of 512 National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps within the central Nebraska portion of the Wood Buffalo-Aransas whooping crane (Grus americana) migration corridor were used to evaluate the availability of wetland roost sites. Wetlands were eliminated as potential roosts if visibility was obscured by vegetation or slope, if certain human activities occurred within 100-800 ro, or if water \u3c 30 em deep was not available. Seasonal emergent wetlands, available as roosts primarily in spring, dominated all samples, particularly in the nortb. Sixty-five percent of all wetlands \u3e0.04 ha passed map review and 52 % passed when ground-truthed. NWI map review was a good predictor of both suitability (63 % correct) and unsuitability (73 % correct). More than one-half of all open and emergent wetlands\u3e 1 ha passed both map and field review. Four of 6 major east-flowing rivers provide additional roosting habitat of varying quality. Stopover habitat is available throughout the migration corridor in Nebraska, though quality is best in the northern sandhill region and along major rivers. NWI map review, with adequate ground-truthing and observer experience, can provide good estimates of roost availability in open prairie where woody vegetation is limited

CRANE MIGRATION IN NORTHERN NEW MEXICO

Greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) and foster-reared whooping cranes (G. americana) were monitored on a 345 km migration between their traditional stopover in southcentral Colorado and their winter grounds in central New Mexico during 4 autumns (1984-87) and 1 spring (1985). Autumn sandhill crane counts totaled 17,363 in 1984, 9,317 in 1985, 29,053 in 1986, and 26,552 in 1987. Peak flights of over 7,000 cranes in 1 day were recorded in both 1986 and 1987. More than 50% of the cranes were counted on just 4 days in 1984, 1986 and 1987. At least 27% of the sandhill cranes counted stopped overnight in 1984, 58% stopped in 1986, and 46% in 1987. Most completed 225 to 280 km of the journey and roosted on rivers and mesas north of Albuquerque. Stopover rates were affected by wind speed/ direction and solar radiation, but were most highly correlated with frontal movements. During the 1985 spring migration 25,890 cranes were counted. Aided by southerly winds, over 95% apparently completed the northward journey in 1 day

USING NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY MAPS TO QUANTIFY WHOOPING CRANE STOPOVER HABITAT IN OKLAHOMA

Three stratified random samples of the 416 National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps within the western Oklahoma portion of the Wood Buffalo-Aransas whooping crane (Grus americana) migration corridor were used to evaluate the availability of wetland roost sites. Wetlands were eliminated as potential roosts if visibility was obscured by vegetation or slope, or if certain human activities occurred within 100-800 m. Thirty percent of all wetlands \u3e0.04 ha passed map review, but only 7% passed when ground truthed. NWI map review was a poor predictor of suitability (33 % correct) but a good predictor of unsuitability (97 % correct). Most (\u3e75%) wetlands in western Oklahoma are man-made impoundments dug to water livestock. They are generally small « 1 ha), dammed, in steep drainages, and tree-lined. Most stock ponds do not meet the horizontal visibility requirements of roosting whooping cranes. Map review of wetlands \u3e I ha (no randomized field review) suggests that 2-4 suitable crane roosts are available per 100 km2 in the migration corridor in Oklahoma. Three major rivers and approximately 20 large reservoirs (\u3e 16 ha) provide the best roost sites. Without adequate ground truthing, review of NWI maps, even when supplemented by Soil Conservation Service photo maps, overestimate suitable roost sites, especially in areas where rainfall is sufficient to support woody vegetation \u3e 1 m in height

Das Preisverhalten des konzentrierten und des nicht konzentrierten Industriebereichs 1966-1976

The authors examine the hypothesis of price-rigidity in German industry. In this context an important statement, made 1978 by the "Monopolkommission" is discussed, which said, that there do not exist any significant differences between concentrated and non-concentrated industries concerning their behaviour during the cycle. The validity of Spearman's test on rank-correlation, which was used in the empirical investigation of the "Monopolkommission", is debated. Using Wilcoxon's test with rank-sums the authors come to the conclusion, that in certain phases of the cycle there do show up different patterns of behaviour. Some acceptable theoretical explanations of the observed phenomena are offered

First Report of a Ground Nest of Canyon Towhees

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