17,140 research outputs found
INITIAL APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY SET PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATION OF EXPORT BASE EMPLOYMENT
Current export base methods that calculate basic and non-basic employment are too restrictive because they fail to account for uncertainty involved in the process. This paper shows the assignment of industries as either basic or non-basic by the location quotient procedure does not consistently represent the data for Nevada counties. Using fuzzy set procedures and membership functions in conjunction with the location quotient allow more flexibility in terms of matching the data for each industry in the region of interest. Using fuzzy set procedures we determine the proportion of employment that is basic and non-basic in nine non-governmental industries.Labor and Human Capital,
Frequency shift keying in vortex-based spin torque oscillators
Vortex-based spin-torque oscillators can be made from extended spin valves
connected to an electrical nanocontact. We study the implementation of
frequency shift keying modulation in these oscillators. Upon a square
modulation of the current in the 10 MHz range, the vortex frequency follows the
current command, with easy identification of the two swapping frequencies in
the spectral measurements. The frequency distribution of the output power can
be accounted for by convolution transformations of the dc current vortex
waveform, and the current modulation. Modeling indicates that the frequency
transitions are phase coherent and last less than 25 ns. Complementing the
multi-octave tunability and first-class agility, the capability of frequency
shift keying modulation is an additional milestone for the implementation of
vortex-based oscillators in RF circuit.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Highly efficient room temperature spin injection in a metal-insulator-semiconductor light emitting diode
We demonstrate highly efficient spin injection at low and room temperature in
an AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor heterostructure from a CoFe/AlOx tunnel spin
injector. We use a double-step oxide deposition for the fabrication of a
pinhole-free AlOx tunnel barrier. The measurements of the circular polarization
of the electroluminescence in the Oblique Hanle Effect geometry reveal injected
spin polarizations of at least 24% at 80K and 12% at room temperature
Agility of vortex-based nanocontact spin torque oscillators
We study the agility of current-tunable oscillators based on a magnetic
vortex orbiting around a point contact in spin-valves. Theory predicts
frequency-tuning by currents occurs at constant orbital radius, so an
exceptional agility is anticipated. To test this, we have inserted an
oscillator in a microwave interferometer to apply abrupt current variations
while time resolving its emission. Using frequency shift keying, we show that
the oscillator can switch between two stabilized frequencies differing by 25%
in less than ten periods. With a wide frequency tunability and a good agility,
such oscillators possess desirable figures of merit for modulation-based rf
applications.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
Voltage controlled spin injection in a (Ga,Mn)As/(Al,Ga)As Zener diode
The spin polarization of the electron current in a
p-(Ga,Mn)As-n-(Al,Ga)As-Zener tunnel diode, which is embedded in a
light-emitting diode, has been studied theoretically. A series of
self-consistent simulations determines the charge distribution, the band
bending, and the current-voltage characteristics for the entire structure. An
empirical tight-binding model, together with the Landauer- Buttiker theory of
coherent transport has been developed to study the current spin polarization.
This dual approach allows to explain the experimentally observed high magnitude
and strong bias dependence of the current spin polarization.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communication
Estimation of Dynamic Gaussian Processes
Gaussian processes provide a compact representation for modeling and
estimating an unknown function, that can be updated as new measurements of the
function are obtained. This paper extends this powerful framework to the case
where the unknown function dynamically changes over time. Specifically, we
assume that the function evolves according to an integro-difference equation
and that the measurements are obtained locally in a spatial sense. In this
setting, we will provide the expressions for the conditional mean and
covariance of the process given the measurements, which results in a
generalized estimation framework, for which we coined the term Dynamic Gaussian
Process (DGP) estimation. This new framework generalizes both Gaussian process
regression and Kalman filtering. For a broad class of kernels, described by a
set of basis functions, fast implementations are provided. We illustrate the
results on a numerical example, demonstrating that the method can accurately
estimate an evolving continuous function, even in the presence of noisy
measurements and disturbances.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to be presented at 62nd IEEE Conference on
Decision and Control, CDC 2023, Singapore, Singapor
Seculiere intolerantie: Morele progressiviteit en afwijzing van de islam in Nederland
Terwijl Nederland bekendstaat als baken van tolerantie, wordt er de laatste jaren opvallend veel kritiek geuit op de islam. Bovendien hanteren islamkritische opinie- leiders hierbij een discours waarbij progressieve waarden centraal staan. Dit roept de vraag op hoe morele progressiviteit en afwijzing van de islam met elkaar verbon- den zijn onder de bredere bevolking. En hoe verhoudt een op progressieve waarden gebaseerde verwerping van de islam zich tot
A Search for the Near-Infrared Counterpart to GCRT J1745-3009
We present an optical/near-infrared search for a counterpart to the
perplexing radio transient GCRT J1745-3009, a source located ~1 degree from the
Galactic Center. Motivated by some similarities to radio bursts from nearby
ultracool dwarfs, and by a distance upper limit of 70 pc for the emission to
not violate the 1e12 K brightness temperature limit for incoherent radiation,
we searched for a nearby star at the position of GCRT J1745-3009. We found only
a single marginal candidate, limiting the presence of any late-type star to >1
kpc (spectral types earlier than M9), >200 pc (spectral types L and T0-T4), and
>100 pc (spectral types T4-T7), thus severely restricting the possible local
counterparts to GCRT J1745-3009. We also exclude any white dwarf within 1 kpc
or a supergiant star out to the distance of the Galactic Center as possible
counterparts. This implies that GCRT J1745-3009 likely requires a coherent
emission process, although whether or not it reflects a new class of sources is
unclear.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Electrical Spin Injection in a Ferromagnetic / Tunnel Barrier/ Semiconductor Heterostructure
We demonstrate experimentally the electrical ballistic electron spin
injection from a ferromagnetic metal / tunnel barrier contact into a
semiconductor III-V heterostructure. We introduce the Oblique Hanle Effect
technique for reliable optical measurement of the degree of injected spin
polarization. In a CoFe / Al2O3 / GaAs / (Al,Ga)As heterostructure we observed
injected spin polarization in excess of 8 % at 80K.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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