Circuit breaker utilizing magnetic latching relays Patent

Relay circuit breaker with magnetic latching to provide conductive and nonconductive paths for current device

The Painleve Property, W Algebras and Toda Field Theories associated with Hyperbolic Kac-Moody Algebras

We show that the Painlev\'{e} test is useful not only for probing (non-)integrability but also for finding the values of spins of conserved currents (W currents) in Toda field theories (TFTs). In the case of the TFTs based on simple Lie algebras the locations of resonances are shown to give precisely the spins of conserved W currents. We apply this test to TFTs based on strictly hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebras and show that there exist no resonances other than that at n=2, which corresponds to the energy-momentum tensor, indicating their non-integrability. We also check by direct calculation that there are no spin-3 nor -4 conserved currents for all the hyperbolic TFTs in agreement with the result of our Painlev\'{e} analysis.Comment: 27 pages, latex, a uuencoded file for a table availabl

On the Imaginary Simple Roots of the Borcherds Algebra gII9,1g_{II_{9,1}}

In a recent paper (hep-th/9703084) it was conjectured that the imaginary simple roots of the Borcherds algebra $g_{II_{9,1}}$ at level 1 are its only ones. We here propose an independent test of this conjecture, establishing its validity for all roots of norm $\geq -8$. However, the conjecture fails for roots of norm -10 and beyond, as we show by computing the simple multiplicities down to norm -24, which turn out to be remakably small in comparison with the corresponding $E_{10}$ multiplicities. Our derivation is based on a modified denominator formula combining the denominator formulas for $E_{10}$ and $g_{II_{9,1}}$, and provides an efficient method for determining the imaginary simple roots. In addition, we compute the $E_{10}$ multiplicities of all roots up to height 231, including levels up to $\ell =6$ and norms -42.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX2e, packages amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb, amsthm, xspace, pstricks, longtable; substantially extended, appendix with new $E_{10}$ root multiplicities adde

Translating Research to Practice for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Part 2: Behavior Management in Home and Health Care Settings

Introduction Managing home and health care for children with autism spectrum disorder can be challenging because of the range of symptoms and behaviors exhibited. Method This article presents an overview of the emerging science related to the methods to foster family self-management of common concerns regarding activities of daily living and behaviors, as well as for the health care provider in primary and acute health care settings. Results Recommendations are provided to enhance the overall delivery of services, including understanding and managing a child\u27s challenging behaviors, and supporting family management of common activities of daily living and behaviors. Discussion Health care providers\u27 knowledge of evidence-based recommendations for providing care, supporting family self-management of common concerns, and referral heighten the likelihood of better outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder

Probing the Noncommutative Standard Model at Hadron Colliders

We study collider signals for the noncommutative extension of the standard model using the Seiberg-Witten maps for SU(3)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y to first order in the noncommutativity parameters theta_munu. In particular, we investigate the ensitivity of Z-gamma-production at the Tevatron and the LHC to the components of theta_munu. We discuss the range of validity of this approximation and estimate exclusion limits from a Monte Carlo simulation.Comment: 18 pages LaTeX, 23 figures. Slightly expanded introduction and additional references. Accepted for publication in Physical Review

Peptide-Modified Surfaces for Enzyme Immobilization

BACKGROUND: Chemistry and particularly enzymology at surfaces is a topic of rapidly growing interest, both in terms of its role in biological systems and its application in biocatalysis. Existing protein immobilization approaches, including noncovalent or covalent attachments to solid supports, have difficulties in controlling protein orientation, reducing nonspecific absorption and preventing protein denaturation. New strategies for enzyme immobilization are needed that allow the precise control over orientation and position and thereby provide optimized activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A method is presented for utilizing peptide ligands to immobilize enzymes on surfaces with improved enzyme activity and stability. The appropriate peptide ligands have been rapidly selected from high-density arrays and when desirable, the peptide sequences were further optimized by single-point variant screening to enhance both the affinity and activity of the bound enzyme. For proof of concept, the peptides that bound to β-galactosidase and optimized its activity were covalently attached to surfaces for the purpose of capturing target enzymes. Compared to conventional methods, enzymes immobilized on peptide-modified surfaces exhibited higher specific activity and stability, as well as controlled protein orientation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A simple method for immobilizing enzymes through specific interactions with peptides anchored on surfaces has been developed. This approach will be applicable to the immobilization of a wide variety of enzymes on surfaces with optimized orientation, location and performance, and provides a potential mechanism for the patterned self-assembly of multiple enzymes on surfaces

The Interplay of WNT and PPARγ Signaling in Vascular Calcification

Vascular calcification (VC), the ectopic deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the vessel wall, is one of the primary contributors to cardiovascular death. The pathology of VC is determined by vascular topography, pre-existing diseases, and our genetic heritage. VC evolves from inflammation, mediated by macrophages, and from the osteochondrogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the atherosclerotic plaque. This pathologic transition partly resembles endochondral ossification, involving the chronologically ordered activation of the β-catenin-independent and -dependent Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) pathways and the termination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signal transduction. Several atherosclerotic plaque studies confirmed the differential activity of PPARγ and the WNT signaling pathways in VC. Notably, the actively regulated β-catenin-dependent and -independent WNT signals increase the osteochondrogenic transformation of VSMC through the up-regulation of the osteochondrogenic transcription factors SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, we have reported studies showing that WNT signaling pathways may be antagonized by PPARγ activation via the expression of different families of WNT inhibitors and through its direct interaction with β-catenin. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on WNT and PPARγ signaling and their interplay during the osteochondrogenic differentiation of VSMC in VC. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps on this interplay and its possible clinical impact