16,104 research outputs found
Quantum Computing with an 'Always On' Heisenberg Interaction
Many promising ideas for quantum computing demand the experimental ability to
directly switch 'on' and 'off' a physical coupling between the component
qubits. This is typically the key difficulty in implementation, and precludes
quantum computation in generic solid state systems, where interactions between
the constituents are 'always on'. Here we show that quantum computation is
possible in strongly coupled (Heisenberg) systems even when the interaction
cannot be controlled. The modest ability of 'tuning' the transition energies of
individual qubits proves to be sufficient, with a suitable encoding of the
logical qubits, to generate universal quantum gates. Furthermore, by tuning the
qubits collectively we provide a scheme with exceptional experimental
simplicity: computations are controlled via a single 'switch' of only six
settings. Our schemes are applicable to a wide range of physical
implementations, from excitons and spins in quantum dots through to bulk
magnets.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figs, 2 column format. To appear in PR
Towards practical classical processing for the surface code: timing analysis
Topological quantum error correction codes have high thresholds and are well
suited to physical implementation. The minimum weight perfect matching
algorithm can be used to efficiently handle errors in such codes. We perform a
timing analysis of our current implementation of the minimum weight perfect
matching algorithm. Our implementation performs the classical processing
associated with an nxn lattice of qubits realizing a square surface code
storing a single logical qubit of information in a fault-tolerant manner. We
empirically demonstrate that our implementation requires only O(n^2) average
time per round of error correction for code distances ranging from 4 to 512 and
a range of depolarizing error rates. We also describe tests we have performed
to verify that it always obtains a true minimum weight perfect matching.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, version accepted for publicatio
The value of psychological flexibility: Examining psychological mechanisms underpinning a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for burnout
Little is known of the mechanisms by which interventions for burnout work. Employees of a UK government department were randomly assigned to either a worksite group-based CBT intervention called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; n=43), which aimed to increase participants' psychological flexibility, or a waiting list control group (n=57). The ACT group received three half-day sessions of training spread over two and a half months. Data were collected at baseline (T1), at the beginning of the second (T2) and third (T3) workshops, and at six months' follow up (T4). Consistent with ACT theory, analyses revealed that, in comparison to the control group, a significant increase in psychological flexibility from T2 to T3 in the ACT group mediated the subsequent T2 to T4 decrease in emotional exhaustion in that group. Consistent with a theory of emotional burnout development, this significant decrease in emotional exhaustion from T2 to T4 in the ACT group appeared to prevent the significant T3 to T4 increase in depersonalization seen in the control group. Strain also decreased from T2 to T3 in the ACT group only, but no mediator of that improvement was identified. Implications for theory and practice in the fields of ACT and emotional burnout are discussed
Mindfulness and meditation in the workplace: An acceptance and commitment therapy approach
There is a wide-range and growing body of evidence that mental health and behavioural effectiveness are influenced more by how people interact with their thoughts and feelings than by their form (e.g., how negative they are) or frequency. Research has demonstrated this key finding in a wide-range of areas. For example, in chronic pain, psychosocial disability is predicted more by the experiential avoidance of pain than by the degree of pain (McCracken, 1998). A number of therapeutic approaches have been developed that share this key insight: distress tolerance (e.g., Brown, Lejuez, Kahler, & Strong, 2002; Schmidt, Richey, Cromer, & Buckner, 2007), thought suppression (e.g., Wenzlaff & Wegner, 2000), and mindfulness (Baer, 2003). It is also central to a number of the newer contextual cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) approaches to treatment, such as mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT; Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2001), dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993), metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2000), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999).
The purpose of this chapter is to describe how ACT conceptualises mindfulness and tries to enhance it in the pursuit of promoting mental health and behavioural effectiveness (e.g., productivity at work). To this end, we discuss ACT’s key construct of psychological flexibility, which involves mindfulness, and how it has led to a somewhat different approach not only to conceptualising mindfulness, but also how we try to enhance it in the workplace. In so doing, we hope to show that whilst formal meditation practice is valued in ACT, it is only one strategy that is used to promote mindfulness, as well as psychological flexibility more generally
Exponential complexity of an adiabatic algorithm for an NP-complete problem
We prove an analytical expression for the size of the gap between the ground
and the first excited state of quantum adiabatic algorithm for the
3-satisfiability, where the initial Hamiltonian is a projector on the subspace
complementary to the ground state. For large problem sizes the gap decreases
exponentially and as a consequence the required running time is also
exponential.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; v3. published versio
Asymmetric quantum error correction via code conversion
In many physical systems it is expected that environmental decoherence will
exhibit an asymmetry between dephasing and relaxation that may result in qubits
experiencing discrete phase errors more frequently than discrete bit errors. In
the presence of such an error asymmetry, an appropriately asymmetric quantum
code - that is, a code that can correct more phase errors than bit errors -
will be more efficient than a traditional, symmetric quantum code. Here we
construct fault tolerant circuits to convert between an asymmetric subsystem
code and a symmetric subsystem code. We show that, for a moderate error
asymmetry, the failure rate of a logical circuit can be reduced by using a
combined symmetric asymmetric system and that doing so does not preclude
universality.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figures, presentation revised, figures and references
adde
Externally Dispersed Interferometry for Precision Radial Velocimetry
Externally Dispersed Interferometry (EDI) is the series combination of a
fixed-delay field-widened Michelson interferometer with a dispersive
spectrograph. This combination boosts the spectrograph performance for both
Doppler velocimetry and high resolution spectroscopy. The interferometer
creates a periodic spectral comb that multiplies against the input spectrum to
create moire fringes, which are recorded in combination with the regular
spectrum. The moire pattern shifts in phase in response to a Doppler shift.
Moire patterns are broader than the underlying spectral features and more
easily survive spectrograph blurring and common distortions. Thus, the EDI
technique allows lower resolution spectrographs having relaxed optical
tolerances (and therefore higher throughput) to return high precision velocity
measurements, which otherwise would be imprecise for the spectrograph alone.Comment: 7 Pages, White paper submitted to the AAAC Exoplanet Task Forc
Simulation of Many-Body Fermi Systems on a Universal Quantum Computer
We provide fast algorithms for simulating many body Fermi systems on a
universal quantum computer. Both first and second quantized descriptions are
considered, and the relative computational complexities are determined in each
case. In order to accommodate fermions using a first quantized Hamiltonian, an
efficient quantum algorithm for anti-symmetrization is given. Finally, a
simulation of the Hubbard model is discussed in detail.Comment: Submitted 11/7/96 to Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 pages, 0 figure
Effective mass theory of monolayer \delta-doping in the high-density limit
Monolayer \delta-doped structures in silicon have attracted renewed interest
with their recent incorporation into atomic-scale device fabrication strategies
as source and drain electrodes and in-plane gates. Modeling the physics of
\delta-doping at this scale proves challenging, however, due to the large
computational overhead associated with ab initio and atomistic methods. Here,
we develop an analytical theory based on an effective mass approximation. We
specifically consider the Si:P materials system, and the limit of high donor
density, which has been the subject of recent experiments. In this case,
metallic behavior including screening tends to smooth out the local disorder
potential associated with random dopant placement. While smooth potentials may
be difficult to incorporate into microscopic, single-electron analyses, the
problem is easily treated in the effective mass theory by means of a jellium
approximation for the ionic charge. We then go beyond the analytic model,
incorporating exchange and correlation effects within a simple numerical model.
We argue that such an approach is appropriate for describing realistic,
high-density, highly disordered devices, providing results comparable to
density functional theory, but with greater intuitive appeal, and lower
computational effort. We investigate valley coupling in these structures,
finding that valley splitting in the low-lying \Gamma band grows much more
quickly than the \Gamma-\Delta band splitting at high densities. We also find
that many-body exchange and correlation corrections affect the valley splitting
more strongly than they affect the band splitting
Quantum Simulations on a Quantum Computer
We present a general scheme for performing a simulation of the dynamics of
one quantum system using another. This scheme is used to experimentally
simulate the dynamics of truncated quantum harmonic and anharmonic oscillators
using nuclear magnetic resonance. We believe this to be the first explicit
physical realization of such a simulation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures (\documentstyle[prl,aps,epsfig,amscd]{revtex}); to
appear in Phys. Rev. Let
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