20,797 research outputs found
Deprojection technique for galaxy cluster considering point spread function
We present a new method for the analysis of Abell 1835 observed by
XMM-Newton. The method is a combination of the Direct Demodulation technique
and deprojection. We eliminate the effects of the point spread function (PSF)
with the Direct Demodulation technique. We then use a traditional depro-jection
technique to study the properties of Abell 1835. Compared to that of
deprojection method only, the central electron density derived from this method
increases by 30%, while the temperature profile is similar.Comment: accepted for publication in Sciences in China -- G, the Black Hole
special issu
Saturation Dislocation Microstructures In A Copper Single Crystal During Fatigue In HClO4 Aqueous Solution
A copper single crystal was tested at room temperature in air and in a 0.1M HClO4 solution under the symmetric tension-compression load mode, with loading axis parallel to the [013] direction. The dislocation structures were characterised using the electron channeling contrast (ECC) technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the saturation dislocation structures in samples subjected to corrosion fatigue in the 0.1M HClO4 aqueous solution manly had the form of cells, dislocation wall-like and veins, which differ from the dislocation structures of dislocation wall-like and veins in the air environment
Relationship between the gamma-ray burst pulse width and energy due to the Doppler effect of fireballs
We study in details how the pulse width of gamma-ray bursts is related with
energy under the assumption that the sources concerned are in the stage of
fireballs. Due to the Doppler effect of fireballs, there exists a power law
relationship between the two quantities within a limited range of frequency.
The power law range and the power law index depend strongly on the observed
peak energy as well as the rest frame radiation form, and the upper and
lower limits of the power law range can be determined by . It is found
that, within the same power law range, the ratio of the of the rising
portion to that of the decaying phase of the pulses is also related with energy
in the form of power laws. A platform-power-law-platform feature could be
observed in the two relationships. In the case of an obvious softening of the
rest frame spectrum, the two power law relationships also exist, but the
feature would evolve to a peaked one. Predictions on the relationships in the
energy range covering both the BATSE and Swift bands for a typical hard burst
and a typical soft one are made. A sample of FRED (fast rise and exponential
decay) pulse bursts shows that 27 out of the 28 sources belong to either the
platform-power-law-platform feature class or the peaked feature group,
suggesting that the effect concerned is indeed important for most of the
sources of the sample. Among these bursts, many might undergo an obvious
softening evolution of the rest frame spectrum.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Quenching and Tomography from RHIC to LHC
We compare fully perturbative and fully nonperturbative pictures of high-pT
energy loss calculations to the first results from LHC. While over-suppressed
compared to published ALICE data, parameter-free pQCD predictions based on the
WHDG energy loss model constrained to RHIC data simultaneously describe well
the preliminary CMS hadron suppression, ATLAS charged hadron v2, and ALICE D
meson suppression; we also provide for future reference WHDG predictions for B
meson RAA. However, energy loss calculations based on AdS/CFT also
qualitatively describe well the RHIC pion and non-photonic electron suppression
and LHC charged hadron suppression. We propose the double ratio of charm to
bottom quark RAA will qualitatively distinguish between these two energy loss
pictures.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings for Quark Matter 201
Distinguishing left- and right-handed molecules by two-step coherent pulses
Chiral molecules with broken parity symmetries can be modeled as quantum
systems with cyclic-transition structures. By using these novel properties, we
design two-step laser pulses to distinguish left- and right-handed molecules
from the enantiomers. After the applied pulse drivings, one kind chiral
molecules are trapped in coherent population trapping state, while the other
ones are pumped to the highest states for ionizations. Then, different chiral
molecules can be separated.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures
Developmental depression-to-facilitation shift controls excitation-inhibition balance
Changes in the short-term dynamics of excitatory synapses over development have been observed throughout cortex, but their purpose and consequences remain unclear. Here, we propose that developmental changes in synaptic dynamics buffer the effect of slow inhibitory long-term plasticity, allowing for continuously stable neural activity. Using computational modeling we demonstrate that early in development excitatory short-term depression quickly stabilises neural activity, even in the face of strong, unbalanced excitation. We introduce a model of the commonly observed developmental shift from depression to facilitation and show that neural activity remains stable throughout development, while inhibitory synaptic plasticity slowly balances excitation, consistent with experimental observations. Our model predicts changes in the input responses from phasic to phasic-and-tonic and more precise spike timings. We also observe a gradual emergence of short-lasting memory traces governed by short-term plasticity development. We conclude that the developmental depression-to-facilitation shift may control excitation-inhibition balance throughout development with important functional consequences
Dependence of quantum correlations of twin beams on pump finesse of optical parametric oscillator
The dependence of quantum correlation of twin beams on the pump finesse of an
optical parametric oscillator is studied with a semi-classical analysis. It is
found that the phase-sum correlation of the output signal and idler beams from
an optical parametric oscillator operating above threshold depends on the
finesse of the pump field when the spurious pump phase noise generated inside
the optical cavity and the excess noise of the input pump field are involved in
the Langevin equations. The theoretical calculations can explain the previously
experimental results, quantitatively.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figure
Sequential and unsupervised document authorial clustering based on hidden markov model
© 2017 IEEE. Document clustering groups documents of certain similar characteristics in one cluster. Document clustering has shown advantages on organization, retrieval, navigation and summarization of a huge amount of text documents on Internet. This paper presents a novel, unsupervised approach for clustering single-author documents into groups based on authorship. The key novelty is that we propose to extract contextual correlations to depict the writing style hidden among sentences of each document for clustering the documents. For this purpose, we build an Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for representing the relations of sequential sentences, and a two-level, unsupervised framework is constructed. Our proposed approach is evaluated on four benchmark datasets, widely used for document authorship analysis. A scientific paper is also used to demonstrate the performance of the approach on clustering short segments of a text into authorial components. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches
Modelling autonomous vehicle parking: An agent-based simulation approach
\ua9 2024 The Authors. IET Intelligent Transport Systems published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.Autonomous vehicles (AVs) present a paradigm shift in addressing conventional parking challenges. Unlike human-driven vehicles, AVs can strategically park or cruise until summoned by users. Utilizing utility theory, the parking decision-making processes of AVs users are explored, taking into account constraints related to both cost and time. An agent-based simulation approach is adopted to construct an AV parking model, reflecting the complex dynamics of the parking decision process in the real world, where each user\u27s choice has a ripple effect on traffic conditions, consequently affecting the feasible options for other users. The simulation experiments indicate that 11.50% of AVs gravitate towards parking lots near their destinations, while over 50% of AVs avoid public parking amenities altogether. This trend towards minimizing individual parking costs prompts AVs to undertake extended empty cruising, resulting in a significant increase of 48.18% in total vehicle mileage. Moreover, the pricing structure across various parking facilities and management dictates the parking preferences of AVs, establishing a nuanced trade-off between parking expenses and proximity for these vehicles
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