"We Want Them All to Speak in English … So, no Spanish": Preservice Teachers' Language Ideologies Towards Emergent Bilinguals

Research Articl

Distribution of the Southeastern Shrew (Sorex longirostris longirostris) in Arkansas

The southeastern shrew (Sorex longirostris longirostris) is considered uncommon and, due to a lack of knowledge, a Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Arkansas. Also, eastern Arkansas may represent a gap in the species’ distribution. Therefore, we evaluated persistence at previous capture sites, surveyed additional counties, quantified microhabitat at our capture locations, and compiled occurrences. Since Sealander and Heidt’s (1990) Arkansas Mammals detailed its occurrence, additional captures by Huston and Nelson (1994), Showen (2006), and this study document new counties (Pope and Searcy) and a new ecoregion (Arkansas Valley). Number of specimens in Arkansas has increased to 17 in 11 counties within the Ozark Highlands, Boston Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, and Arkansas Valley Ecoregions. Our efforts to assess a potential distribution gap within the Mississippi Alluvial Plain produced only specimens of other shrew species; therefore, possible factors affecting connectivity across the Mississippi Alluvial Plain and river basin are discussed. Given sparse records in Arkansas, uncommon and Species of Greatest Conservation Need designations are warranted for the southeastern shrew

Phonological deficits in dyslexia impede lexical processing of spoken words : Linking behavioural and MEG data

Acknowledgements We thank Nicola Molinaro for sharing the data and input on the conceptualisation of the study, Olaf Hauk for assistance with the ERRC methods, Efthymia Kapnoula for help with the auditory stimuli, Mirjana Bozic and Brechtje Post for feedback on the manuscript, and Manuel Carreiras, Marıa Paz Suarez Coalla and Fernando Cuetos for the recruitment of participants.Peer reviewe

Efficient amplitude encoding of polynomial functions into quantum computers

Loading functions into quantum computers represents an essential step in several quantum algorithms, such as in the resolution of partial derivative equations. Therefore, the inefficiency of this process leads to a major bottleneck for the application of these algorithms. Here, we present and compare two efficient methods for the amplitude encoding of real polynomial functions. The first one relies on the matrix product state representation, where we study and benchmark the approximations of the target state when the bond dimension is assumed to be small. The second algorithm combines two subroutines, initially we encode the linear function into the quantum registers with a swallow sequence of multi-controlled gates that loads its Hadamard-Walsh series expansion, followed by the inverse discrete Hadamard-Walsh transform. Then, we use this construction as a building block to achieve a $\mathcal{O}(n)$ block encoding of the amplitudes corresponding to the linear function and apply the quantum singular value transformation that implements the corresponding polynomial transformation to the block encoding of the amplitudes. Additionally, we explore how truncating the Hadamard-Walsh series of the linear function affects the final fidelity of the target state, reporting high fidelities with small resources

Mixed Matrix Carbon Molecular Sieve and Alumina (CMS-Al₂O₃) Membranes

This work shows mixed matrix inorganic membranes prepared by the vacuum-assisted impregnation method, where phenolic resin precursors filled the pore of a-alumina substrates. Upon carbonisation, the phenolic resin decomposed into several fragments derived from the backbone of the resin matrix. The final stages of decomposition (>650 degrees C) led to a formation of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) structures, reaching the lowest average pore sizes of similar to 5 angstrom at carbonisation temperatures of 700 degrees C. The combination of vacuum-assisted impregnation and carbonisation led to the formation of mixed matrix of CMS and a-alumina particles (CMS-Al2O3) in a single membrane. These membranes were tested for pervaporative desalination and gave very high water fluxes of up to 25 kg m(-2) h(-1) for seawater (NaCl 3.5 wt%) at 75 degrees C. Salt rejection was also very high varying between 93-99% depending on temperature and feed salt concentration. Interestingly, the water fluxes remained almost constant and were not affected as feed salt concentration increased from 0.3, 1 and 3.5 wt%

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF ARMY MATERIEL REPORTING FOR THE MIDDLE TIER OF ACQUISITION PATHWAY

The Acquisition Modernization Integration (AMI) team within the ASA(ALT) office is critical in the Army decision-making process. The AMI creates reports that include actionable knowledge rendered to Army strategic leaders. These reports include vital data on critical Army programs integrated into the modernization efforts. Part of this necessary data are the First Unit Issued (FUI) and the First Unit Equipped (FUE) dates. These reported dates directly affect Army units’ training, deployment, and logistics support timelines as they become part of the data-driven analytics on reports provided to decision-makers. Because of the initiatives to improve efficiency in the acquisition process, realignment, and creation of new organizations, the AMI needs a system that facilitates accurate and consistent FUI and FUE dates reporting. This research used several systems engineering (SE) concepts and methods such as stakeholders’ analysis, functional analysis, mapping of functions to systems’ parameters, modeling-based systems engineering, and analysis of alternatives. The application of these SE tools resulted in identifying a system/process that will accurately and consistently facilitate FUI and FUE date reporting to meet the AMI’s needs. This system/process provides a reporting capability for current and future acquisition programs and could be implemented across the DOD and all other government agencies and departments.Major, United States ArmyCaptain, United States ArmyCaptain, United States ArmyCaptain, United States ArmyCaptain, United States ArmyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

A Community-Based Obesity Prevention Program Decreased the Body Mass Index of University-Affiliated Participants

Obesity is a national health concern and the focus of many health promotion programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral impact of a 12-week obesity prevention program on a university campus. Participants were provided questionnaires with weights, heights, and body mass indices (BMIs) determined at the pre-phase weigh-in and post-phase weigh-out. At the weigh-in, participants received pedometers and information about upcoming educational sessions to assist them with reaching their health behavior goals. A total of 247 (38.2% of 646) individuals (79.4% women) completed the program. A mean weight loss of 1.8 kg caused a decrease in BMI from 29.3 at weigh-in to 28.7 at weigh-out (p = .002). Pre- and post-questionnaires indicated increases (p \u3c 0.001) in physical activity; using pedometers; and intakes of fruits, vegetables, and water at the end of the program. The 6-month follow-up questionnaire (33.2% response rate) indicated healthy habits were being maintained for fruit and vegetable consumption. Further intervention development to incorporate innovative strategies for promoting healthy behaviors among students and employees on university campuses could help decrease the prevalence of obesity

Unique Fock quantization of scalar cosmological perturbations

We investigate the ambiguities in the Fock quantization of the scalar perturbations of a Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker model with a massive scalar field as matter content. We consider the case of compact spatial sections (thus avoiding infrared divergences), with the topology of a three-sphere. After expanding the perturbations in series of eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, the Hamiltonian of the system is written up to quadratic order in them. We fix the gauge of the local degrees of freedom in two different ways, reaching in both cases the same qualitative results. A canonical transformation, which includes the scaling of the matter field perturbations by the scale factor of the geometry, is performed in order to arrive at a convenient formulation of the system. We then study the quantization of these perturbations in the classical background determined by the homogeneous variables. Based on previous work, we introduce a Fock representation for the perturbations in which: (a) the complex structure is invariant under the isometries of the spatial sections and (b) the field dynamics is implemented as a unitary operator. These two properties select not only a unique unitary equivalence class of representations, but also a preferred field description, picking up a canonical pair of field variables among all those that can be obtained by means of a time-dependent scaling of the matter field (completed into a linear canonical transformation). Finally, we present an equivalent quantization constructed in terms of gauge-invariant quantities. We prove that this quantization can be attained by a mode-by-mode time-dependent linear canonical transformation which admits a unitary implementation, so that it is also uniquely determined.Comment: 19 pages, minor impovementes included, typos correcte