PSO modelling and PID controlled of automatic fish feeder system

Automatic fish feeding system is an electronic device that is designed to distribute fish pellets at particular time with maximum speed regulation. There are three (3) main parts in the system which are storage, dispenser and distribution parts. A problem has been reported that the distribution part was not performed at the required speed. The main objective of this study is to improve the performance of fish feeding system by using PID controller through ARX modelling. In this study, raw data at distribution part with speed of 130 rpm, 160 rpm, 190 rpm, 220 rpm and 250 rpm were extracted and used to determine ARX equation parameters as transfer function by using PSO algorithm to optimize ARX model parameter. Validation tests used was residual analysis. The best transfer function was then used as a modelling plant in the simulation process with PID controller to determine the optimum PID parameters. Finally, implementation of a PID controller into real time system was done to verify whether this system improved or not. The PSO analysis showed that the best ARX model was at 190 rpm speed because of well superimposed predicted model with the actual system. The lowest normalized output MSE value is 0.0042015 , the lowest convergence output error value is 0.0040886, the stable pole zero map and correlation test verify the accuracy of the model reaching a 95% confidence level. ARX model parameters obtained using the PSO algorithm are two inputs ( , ) and two outputs ( , ). The input parameter obtained is (− 0.3391, − 0.4329) while the output parameter is (− 0.06498, − 0.08334). The optimum PID parameter value obtained by the auto tune method is = − 3.4854, = − 50.2207 and = 0.05815. In conclusion, the PID controller successfully improved the performance of the fish feeding system with the highest percentage of speed change of 92.59%

Pemanfaatan Vegetasi Mangrove Sebagai Obat-obatan Tradisional Pada Lima Suku Di Papua

Mangrove plays important role to coastal communities across Papua. Mangrove provides food, material construction, firewood, medicine, shelter and others. This research is designed to determine the traditional practices of utilizing mangrove vegetation used for medicinal material remedieson for five ethnicgroups in Papua. Field observation, and intensive literature reviews were used to collect the data and information required. The results showed that seven spesies of mangrove belonging to five families were used for medicinal puposes by five ethnic groups in Papua. Utilizations of mangrove as traditional medicines could be used for treatments for twelve diseases or health syndromes, ranging from mosquito repellency, scabies medicine, cleanse for pregnancey, children’s speaking ability, insecticides, malaria medicine, tooth medicine, diarrhoea, energy booster and stimulant for birth delivery. More importanly, the method of extraction, preparation and dosages of comsumption among five ethnics groups are almost similar

Dynamical studies of macroscopic superposition states: Phase engineering of controlled entangled number states of Bose-Einstein condensate in multiple wells

We provide a scheme for the generation of entangled number states of Bose-Einstein condensates in multiple wells with cyclic pairwise connectivity. The condensate ground state in a multiple well trap can self-evolve, when phase engineered with specific initial phase differences between the neighboring wells, to a macroscopic superposition state with controllable entanglement -- to multiple well generalization of double well NOON states. We demonstrate through numerical simulations the creation of entangled states in three and four wells and then explore the creation of "larger" entangled states where there are either a larger number of particles in each well or a larger number of wells. The type of entanglement produced as the particle numbers, or interaction strength, increases changes in a novel and initially unexpected manner.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure

Economic Factors Influencing Corporate Capital Structure in Three Asian Countries: Evidence from Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan

This study is an attempt to determine the factors that influence a firm’s choice of capital structure in three Asian countries: Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan. The specific objective is to investigate if country’s economic factors play a significant role in determining capital structure between markets. These countries are chosen in order to represent three different stages of economic development. Literature review reveals that considerable research has been made in the industrialized countries on the similar topic. Capital structure is one of the most complex areas of strategic financial decision making due to its interrelationship with macroeconomic variables. This study reveals that per capita GNP growth for Japan and Malaysia is significantly related to capital structure of firm and higher economic growth tends to cause to use more long term debt. These results for Pakistan are different from those other two countries. This also shows that inefficiencies coupled with high leverage may entangle Pakistani firms in debt trap. The indicator of prime lending rate is the most decisive factor affecting demand for credit for Japan and Malaysia. It is evident from the analysis that financial liberalization provides major support in the development of capital structure and overall corporate sector in all the three countries.Capital Structure, Business Cycle, Liquidity, Economic Growth