European Union’s Energy Policy and its relevance for Poland. Lecture by Prof. Jerzy Buzek

Artykuł relacjonuje wykład prof. Jerzego Buzka przewodniczącego Komisji Przemysłu, Badań Naukowych i Energii Parlamentu Europejskiego na temat polityki energetycznej Unii Europejskiej w odniesieniu do Polski. Tekst zawiera również sugestie i pytania autora oraz odpowiedzi prelegenta dotyczące energetyki jądrowej w Polsce.The article represents a round-up of the lecture on the EU energy policy and its relevance for Poland by Professor Jerzy Buzek, President of Industry, Research and Energy Commission of the European Parliament. The suggestions and questions by the author related to nuclear power in Poland as well as answers by Professor Buzek were also presented

Multiproxy evidence of `Little Ice Age' palaeoenvironmental changes in a peat bog from northern Poland

`Little Ice Age' (LIA) climatic deteriorations have been abundantly documented in various archives such as ice, lake sediments and peat bog deposits. Palaeoecological analyses of peat samples have identified these climatic deteriorations using a range of techniques, for example palynology, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae or carbon isotopic analyses. The use of inorganic geochemistry and the reconstruction of dust fluxes has remained a challenge in tracing the nature of LIA climatic changes. Although the idea of enhanced erosion conditions and storminess is commonly discussed, the conditions for dust deposition in peatlands over Europe during the LIA are rarely favourable, because the natural forest cover over Europe was much more important than nowadays, preventing dust deposition. This intense forest canopy masks the deposition of dust in peatlands. In northern Poland, near the Baltic shore, the S[l]owi[n]skie B[l]ota area was deforested around AD 1100, ie, just before the LIA, and therefore constitutes a key area for the reconstruction of LIA climatic change. With the support of a well-constrained chronology, climatic fluctuations are recorded in an ombrotrophic bog using inorganic geochemistry, plant macrofossils and carbon isotopic analyses. The reconstruction of LIA climatic changes is in good agreement with other records from Poland and NE Europe. However, a c. 50-year discrepancy can be observed between various records. This discrepancy is possibly due to progressive time-dependent cooling gradient from north to south Europe

Spectrum-Based Log Diagnosis

We present and evaluate Spectrum-Based Log Diagnosis (SBLD), a method to help developers quickly diagnose problems found in complex integration and deployment runs. Inspired by Spectrum-Based Fault Localization, SBLD leverages the differences in event occurrences between logs for failing and passing runs, to highlight events that are stronger associated with failing runs. Using data provided by our industrial partner, we empirically investigate the following questions: (i) How well does SBLD reduce the effort needed to identify all failure-relevant events in the log for a failing run? (ii) How is the performance of SBLD affected by available data? (iii) How does SBLD compare to searching for simple textual patterns that often occur in failure-relevant events? We answer (i) and (ii) using summary statistics and heatmap visualizations, and for (iii) we compare three configurations of SBLD (with resp. minimum, median and maximum data) against a textual search using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and the Vargha-Delaney measure of stochastic superiority. Our evaluation shows that (i) SBLD achieves a significant effort reduction for the dataset used, (ii) SBLD benefits from additional logs for passing runs in general, and it benefits from additional logs for failing runs when there is a proportional amount of logs for passing runs in the data. Finally, (iii) SBLD and textual search are roughly equally effective at effort-reduction, while textual search has a slightly better recall. We investigate the cause, and discuss how it is due to the characteristics of a specific part of our data. We conclude that SBLD shows promise as a method for diagnosing failing runs, that its performance is positively affected by additional data, but that it does not outperform textual search on the dataset considered. Future work includes investigating SBLD's generalizability on additional datasets.Comment: Published in ESEM'20: ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), October 8-9, 2020, Bari, Italy. ACM, 12 page