4,058 research outputs found
Coherence properties and quantum state transportation in an optical conveyor belt
We have prepared and detected quantum coherences with long dephasing times at
the level of single trapped cesium atoms. Controlled transport by an "optical
conveyor belt" over macroscopic distances preserves the atomic coherence with
slight reduction of coherence time. The limiting dephasing effects are
experimentally identified and are of technical rather than fundamental nature.
We present an analytical model of the reversible and irreversible dephasing
mechanisms. Coherent quantum bit operations along with quantum state transport
open the route towards a "quantum shift register" of individual neutral atoms.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Adiabatic Quantum State Manipulation of Single Trapped Atoms
We use microwave induced adiabatic passages for selective spin flips within a
string of optically trapped individual neutral Cs atoms. We
position-dependently shift the atomic transition frequency with a magnetic
field gradient. To flip the spin of a selected atom, we optically measure its
position and sweep the microwave frequency across its respective resonance
frequency. We analyze the addressing resolution and the experimental robustness
of this scheme. Furthermore, we show that adiabatic spin flips can also be
induced with a fixed microwave frequency by deterministically transporting the
atoms across the position of resonance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Large-Scale QSO-Galaxy Correlations and Weak Lensing
Several recent studies show that bright, intermediate and high redshift
optically and radio selected QSOs are positively correlated with nearby
galaxies on a range of angular scales up to a degree. Obscuration by unevenly
distributed Galactic dust can be ruled out as the cause, leaving weak
statistical lensing as the physical process responsible. However the amplitude
of correlations on < 1 degree scales is at least a factor of a few larger than
lensing model predictions. A possible way to reconcile the observations and
theory is to revise the weak lensing formalism. We extend the standard lensing
formulation to include the next higher order term (second order) in the
geodesic equation of motion for photons. We derive relevant equations
applicable in the weak lensing regime, and discuss qualitative properties of
the updated formulation. We then perform numerical integrations of the revised
equation and study the effect of the extra term using two different types of
cosmic mass density fluctuations. We find that nearby large-scale coherent
structures increase the amplitude of the predicted lensing-induced correlations
between QSOs and foreground galaxies by ~ 10% (not a factor of several required
by observations), while the redshift of the optimal, i.e. `most correlated'
structures is moved closer to the observer compared to what is predicted using
the standard lensing equation.Comment: extended Section 2; 20 pages, including 4 figures, accepted to Ap
Effects of Foreground Contamination on the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Measured by MAP
We study the effects of diffuse Galactic, far-infrared extragalactic source,
and radio point source emission on the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
anisotropy data anticipated from the MAP experiment. We focus on the
correlation function and genus statistics measured from mock MAP
foreground-contaminated CMB anisotropy maps generated in a spatially-flat
cosmological constant dominated cosmological model. Analyses of the simulated
MAP data at 90 GHz (0.3 deg FWHM resolution smoothed) show that foreground
effects on the correlation function are small compared with cosmic variance.
However, the Galactic emission, even just from the region with |b| > 20 deg,
significantly affects the topology of CMB anisotropy, causing a negative genus
shift non-Gaussianity signal. Given the expected level of cosmic variance, this
effect can be effectively reduced by subtracting existing Galactic foreground
emission models from the observed data. IRAS and DIRBE far-infrared
extragalactic sources have little effect on the CMB anisotropy. Radio point
sources raise the amplitude of the correlation function considerably on scales
below 0.5 deg. Removal of bright radio sources above a 5 \sigma detection limit
effectively eliminates this effect. Radio sources also result in a positive
genus curve asymmetry (significant at 2 \sigma) on 0.5 deg scales. Accurate
radio point source data is essential for an unambiguous detection of CMB
anisotropy non-Gaussianity on these scales. Non-Gaussianity of cosmological
origin can be detected from the foreground-subtracted CMB anisotropy map at the
2 \sigma level if the measured genus shift parameter |\Delta\nu| >= 0.02 (0.04)
or if the measured genus asymmetry parameter |\Delta g| >= 0.03 (0.08) on a 0.3
(1.0) deg FWHM scale.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for Publication in Astrophysical
Journal (Some sentences and figures modified
Extragalactic Point Source Search in WMAP 61 and 94 GHz Data
We report the results of an extragalactic point source search using the 61
and 94 GHz (V- and W-band) temperature maps from the Wilkinson Microwave
Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Applying a method that cancels the ``noise'' due to
the CMB anisotropy signal, we find in the |b| > 10\degr region 31 sources in
the first-year maps and 64 sources in the three-year co-added maps, at a
level. The 1 position uncertainties are 1.6' and 1.4' each.
The increased detections and improved positional accuracy are expected from the
higher signal-to-noise ratio of WMAP three-year data. All sources detected in
the first-year maps are repeatedly detected in the three-year maps, which is a
strong proof of the consistency and reliability of this method. Among all the
detections, 21 are new, i.e. not in the WMAP three-year point source catalog.
We associate all but two of them with known objects. The two unidentified
sources are likely to be variable or extended as observations through VLA,
CARMA and ATCA all show non-detection at the nominal locations. We derive the
source count distribution at WMAP V-band by combining our verified detections
with sources from the WMAP three-year catalog. Assuming the effect of source
clustering is negligible, the contribution to the power spectrum from faint
sources below 0.75 Jy is estimated to be
sr for V-band, which implies a source correction amplitude sr.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ; Typo corrected in the
uncertainty of kappa in the Discussion, and a correction to the description
of the smoothing function in Methodolog
Results of the Eleventh International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery Grown in 1979
This is the eleventh report of results from an International Winter Wheat Performance Nursery (IWWPN) organized in 1968 by the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture, under contract number AID/ta-C-1093 with the U.S. International Development Corporation, Agency for International Development. The Nursery was designed to (1) test the adaptation and stability of winter wheat cultivars in a range of latitudes, daylengths, fertility conditions, water management regimes, and disease complexes; (2) identify superior winter cultivars to serve as recipient genotypes for high protein and high lysine genes; (3) test the degree of expression and stability of the high protein and high lysine traits in an array of environments; and (4) provide a vehicle for exchange of germplasm and research cooperation throughout the major winter wheat producing areas of the world
The VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey
The Very Large Array (VLA) Low-frequency Sky Survey (VLSS) has imaged 95% of
the 3*pi sr of sky north of declination = -30 degrees at a frequency of 74 MHz
(4 meter wavelength). The resolution is 80" (FWHM) throughout, and the typical
RMS noise level is ~0.1 Jy/beam. The typical point-source detection limit is
0.7 Jy/beam and so far nearly 70,000 sources have been catalogued. This survey
used the 74 MHz system added to the VLA in 1998. It required new imaging
algorithms to remove the large ionospheric distortions at this very low
frequency throughout the entire ~11.9 degree field of view. This paper
describes the observation and data reduction methods used for the VLSS and
presents the survey images and source catalog. All of the calibrated images and
the source catalog are available online (http://lwa.nrl.navy.mil/VLSS) for use
by the astronomical community.Comment: 53 pages, including 3 tables and 15 figures. Has been accepted for
publication in the Astronomical Journa
Magnetic Fields in Quasar Cores II
Multi-frequency polarimetry with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)
telescope has revealed absolute Faraday Rotation Measures (RMs) in excess of
1000 rad/m/m in the central regions of 7 out of 8 strong quasars studied (e.g.,
3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 395). Beyond a projected distance of ~20 pc, however, the
jets are found to have |RM| < 100 rad/m/m. Such sharp RM gradients cannot be
produced by cluster or galactic-scale magnetic fields, but rather must be the
result of magnetic fields organized over the central 1-100 pc. The RMs of the
sources studied to date and the polarization properties of BL Lacs, quasars and
galaxies are shown to be consistent so far with the predictions of unified
schemes. The direct detection of high RMs in these quasar cores can explain the
low fractional core polarizations usually observed in quasars at centimeter
wavelengths as the result of irregularities in the Faraday screen on scales
smaller than the telescope beam. Variability in the RM of the core is reported
for 3C 279 between observations taken 1.5 years apart, indicating that the
Faraday screen changes on that timescale, or that the projected superluminal
motion of the inner jet components samples a new location in the screen with
time. Either way, these changes in the Faraday screen may explain the dramatic
variability in core polarization properties displayed by quasars.Comment: Accepted to the ApJ. 27 pages, 9 figures including figure 6 in colo
The Tenerife Cosmic Microwave Background Maps: Observations and First Analysis
The results of the Tenerife Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments are
presented. These observations cover 5000 and 6500 square degrees on the sky at
10 and 15 GHz respectively centred around Dec.~ +35 degrees. The experiments
are sensitive to multipoles l=10-30 which corresponds to the Sachs-Wolfe
plateau of the CMB power spectra. The sensitivity of the results are ~31 and
\~12 microK at 10 and 15 GHz respectively in a beam-size region (5 degrees
FWHM). The data at 15 GHz show clear detection of structure at high Galactic
latitude; the results at 10 GHz are compatible with these, but at lower
significance. A likelihood analysis of the 10 and 15 GHz data at high Galactic
latitude, assuming a flat CMB band power spectra gives a signal Delta
T_l=30+10-8 microK (68 % C.L.). Including the possible contaminating effect due
to the diffuse Galactic component, the CMB signal is Delta T_l=30+15-11 microK.
These values are highly stable against the Galactic cut chosen. Assuming a
Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum for the primordial fluctuations, the above values
imply an expected quadrupole Q_RMS-PS=20+10-7 microK which confirms previous
results from these experiments, and which are compatible with the COBE DMR.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to Ap
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