First results with a spore trap for collecting infectious sporangia of downy mildew

Research Not

A study of the impact of the Ceramic Materials Research program at the University of Washington Final report, 15 Jun. 1968 - 15 Sep. 1969

Impact of Ceramic Materials Research Program at University of Washingto

Survival of sporangia from Plasmopara viticola, the downy mildew of grapevine

Research NoteThe potential of aged sporangia from Plasmopara viticola to produce zoospores as a requirement to form new infections was determined. Sporangia were produced on potted grapevines and kept on the vines at 22 °C, 30 % r.h. or 22 °C, 60-80 % r.h., respectively. Under these conditions release of zoospores from sporangia could be observed microscopically until 7 d after outbreak of sporangia if liquid water was available. After suspending sporangia in water a first release of zoospores from fresh sporangia was observed after 30 min, from 3-7 d old sporangia not before 180 min. Sporangia kept under the above mentioned conditions were able to infect leaves for at least 9 d after outbreak

Annexin A2 in Virus Infection

Viral life cycles consist of three main phases: (1) attachment and entry, (2) genome replication and expression, and (3) assembly, maturation, and egress. Each of these steps is intrinsically reliant on host cell factors and processes including cellular receptors, genetic replication machinery, endocytosis and exocytosis, and protein expression. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a membrane-associated protein with a wide range of intracellular functions and a recurrent host factor in a variety of viral infections. Spatially, AnxA2 is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, vesicle-bound, and on the inner and outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Structurally, AnxA2 exists as a monomer or in complex with S100A10 to form the AnxA2/S100A10 heterotetramer (A2t). Both AnxA2 and A2t have been implicated in a vast array of cellular functions such as endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organization, and translational regulation through RNA binding. Accordingly, many discoveries have been made involving AnxA2 in viral pathogenesis, however, the reported work addressing AnxA2 in virology is highly compartmentalized. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review is to provide information regarding the role of AnxA2 in the lifecycle of multiple epithelial cell-targeting viruses to highlight recurrent themes, identify discrepancies, and reveal potential avenues for future research

Effects of microflora composition in the phyllosphere on biological regulation of grapevine fungal diseases

Aqueous fermentation extracts of composted microbiologically active substrates reduced significantly the infestation of grapevine leaves with Plasmopara viticola under growth chamber conditions. Enhancement of efficacy was available through the enrichment of the extracts with nutrients - like sucrose and brewer's yeast - or with a natural surfactant (methylized cellulose). Studies on the microbial composition of the phyllosphere showed that the quantity of the total number of colony forming units, of yeasts/filametous fungi, of enterobacteria, of pseudomonads and of aerobic bacilli depends on the specific amendments to the extracts and on the microclimatic conditions. They ace responsible for the differences in efficiency of the various extracts against P. viticola. Appropriate investigations on the phyllosphere in a field experiment resulted in a different composition of the microflora, though the same combinations of extract amendments were used. This is caused by the varying environmental conditions. In spite of the changed microflora, the disease suppressing effects against Urcinula necator were preserved

ECHO user's guide

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Synopsis of the 6(th )Walker's Cay Colloquium on Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy

The 6(th )annual Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy Colloquium at Walker's Cay was held under the auspices of the Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute on March 10–13, 2004. The Colloquium consisted of a select group of 34 scientists representing academia, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. The main goal of this gathering was to promote in a peaceful and comfortable environment exchanges between basic and clinical science. The secondary benefit was to inspire novel bench to bedside ventures and at the same time provide feed back about promising and/or disappointing clinical results that could help re-frame some scientific question or guide the design of future trials. Several topics were covered that included tumor antigen discovery and validation, platforms for vaccine development, tolerance, immune suppression and tumor escape mechanisms, adoptive T cell therapy and dendritic cell-based therapies, clinical trials and assessment of response. Here we report salient points raised by speakers or by the audience during animated discussion that followed each individual presentation

Zum Einfluß der Stickstoffdüngung auf den Befall der Reben durch Phomopsis viticola SACC.

Effects of nitrogen supply on infection of grapevines by Phomopsis viticola SACC.The influence of nitrogen supply on the infection of grapevine cv. Kerner by Phomopsis viticola was tested in the field. In years favourable for fungus attack, the rate of infection increased when changing from the lowest N dose to the highest one