Coverage in Dutch Newspapers of Earthquakes in Italy and Beyond before Lisbon 1755

This chapter discusses tidings about earthquakes retrieved from the dig-itised Dutch newspapers before the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755. It focuses on how these newspapers reported about previous earthquakes and how detailed their contents were. Other addressed questions: Which parts of the world did they deal with most frequently, did they explain the causes of earthquakes, and what type of media culture do they represent? This chapter demonstrates that readers of early modern Dutch newspapers were already familiar with earthquake reports long before 1755. These papers mainly treated data, although within the existing societal framework. They represented, as far as possible, a media culture of accuracy, although sometimes with a touch of sensationalism. Readers could read dominant opinions only between the lines and draw conclusions for themselves. The widely accepted idea was that earthquakes were punishments from God and that people should repent their sins

Towards a Flexible Curriculum: John Dewey\u27s Theory of Experience and Learning

Positively stated, a reconceptualization of curriculum will most certainly have to take its cue from the American philosopher and pedagogue John Dewey (1859-1952). His work in philosophy and education is one great attempt to overcome dysfunctional dualisms like between the child and the curriculum, freedom and discipline, the individual and the society, body and mind. I will use my reconstruction of his theory of experience and learning to challenge the claim made by the Tanners (Tanner and Tanner, 1980, 1988; D. Tanner, 1982; L.N. Tanner, 1982) that Dewey must be regarded as the ancestor of \u27modern\u27 curriculum theory as formulated in the Tyler rationale. In the next part of my paper I will go into Dewey\u27s attempt to reconceptualize the concept of experience as a way out of the dilemma of technology against Bildung. After that I will talk about Dewey\u27s curriculum theory as a theory of \u27planned experience.\u2

Contrasting effects of heat pulses on different trophic levels, an experiment with a herbivore-parasitoid model system

Under predicted global climate change, species will be gradually exposed to warmer temperatures, and to a more variable climate including more intense and more frequent heatwaves. Increased climatic variability is expected to have different effects on species and ecosystems than gradual warming. A key challenge to predict the impact of climate change is to understand how temperature changes will affect species interactions. Herbivorous insects and their natural enemies belong to some of the largest groups of terrestrial animals, and thus they have a great impact on the functioning of ecosystems and on the services these ecosystems provide. Here we studied the life history traits of the plant-feeding insect Plutella xylostella and its specialist endoparasitoid Diadegma semiclausum, when exposed to a daily heat pulse of 5 or 10°C temperature increase during their entire immature phase. Growth and developmental responses differed with the amplitude of the heat pulse and they were different between host and parasitoid, indicating different thermal sensitivity of the two trophic levels. With a +5°C heat pulse, the adult parasitoids were larger which may result in a higher fitness, whereas a +10°C heat pulse retarded parasitoid development. These results show that the parasitoid is more sensitive than its host to brief intervals of temperature change, and this results in either positive or negative effects on life history traits, depending on the amplitude of the heat pulse. These findings suggest that more extreme fluctuations may disrupt host-parasitoid synchrony, whereas moderate fluctuations may improve parasitoid fitness. (Résumé d'auteur