ANALISIS PENEMPATAN DAN DESAIN BANGUNAN PENGENDALI SEDIMEN GUNA PENANGANAN LAJU EROSI DI DAS OESAPA BESAR KUPANG PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Hasil analisa existing DAS Oesapa Besar pada tahun 2015 mempunyai laju erosi 425,771 ton/ha/tahun dan total besarnya erosi 53.662,426 ton/tahun dengan ketebalan erosi lahan 5,6 mm/tahun. Tingkat bahaya erosi dan kekritisan lahan dengan kriteria Sangat ringan 1.901,86 Ha ( 41,33), Sedang 1,524,79 Ha (33,13%), Berat 601,41 Ha (13,07%) dan Sangat Berat seluas 573,70 Ha ( 12,47 %).Untuk menjaga besarnya debit limpasan dan laju erosi yang sangat besar di DAS Oesapa Besar diperlukan desain bangunan pengendali sedimen sesuai kondisi eksisting Desain bangunan (check dam) yang dilakukan dalam rangka menghasilkan suatu bangunan fungsional yang optimal dengan total biaya minimum. Untuk mencapai biaya minimum tersebut, maka check dam harus didesain dengan memanfaatkan material yang tersedia secara maksimum, termasuk material galian dan urugan untuk pondasi dan untuk bangunan pelengkap.Dari hasil analisa sesuai arahan penempatan lokasi bangunan pengendali sedimen diperoleh 9 lokasi untuk menahan laju erosi yang terjadi di DAS Oesapa Besar. Adapun usia masing-masing bangunan pengendali sedimen sesuai penempatan dan laju erosi yang terjadi pada Sub-Sub DAS Oesapa Besar yang dapat menahan laju erosi sebesar 420,383 ton/ha/tahun melalui daya tampung sedimen yang di tampung oleh bangunan pengendali sedimen 478.324,89 ton dengan kurun waktu selama 27 tahu

Konsep dan Metode Desain Zaha Hadid

Zaha Hadid was the first female architect to receive the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2004. Some of Zaha Hadid's works since her career as an architect include Eli and Edythe Broad Museum; Michigan State University, (2008-); CMA CGM Tower, Marseille, France, (2007-2009); and Bridge Pavilion (2008). Apart from working in the field of architecture, Zaha Hadid also holds many exhibitions in the field of architecture and art, including Design Museum, London (2007); Ma10 Mx Protetch Gallery, Chelsea, NYC (2006); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (2006); and MAK - Museum für Angewandte Kunst or Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna (2003). This study aimed to analyze the architectural design works of Zaha Hadid to obtain: concept and type, typological level, and process of type. The goal is to get: (1) existing design methods; (2) the type of pre-existing building project; and (3) functional typologies of pre-existing types. This research uses the content analysis method by studying the thoughts and text information of Zaha Hadid's architectural works. The principle of interpretation uses four principles (Sumarlan, 2003, quoted by Jerobisonif, 2011), namely: (1) the principle of personal interpretation; (2) the principle of locational interpretation; (3) the principle of temporal interpretation; and 4) the principle of analogical interpretation. The results show that the theory used by Zaha Hadid is Virtuoso of Elegance which is realized in the design by the following methods: (1) fragmented geometry; (2) distortion and deformation; (3) fluid organizational system; and 4) color is the building with light. This concept and method can be said to be characteristic of Zaha Hadid's architectural design work.Zaha Hadid merupakan arsitek wanita pertama yang menerima penghargaan Pritzker Architecture Prize pada tahun 2004. Beberapa karya Zaha Hadid sejak dia berkarir sebagai seorang arsitek, antara lain: Eli and Edythe Broad Museum; Michigan State University (2008-); CMA CGM Tower, Marseille, France (2007-2009); dan Bridge Pavilion (2008). Selain berkarya dibidang arsitektur, Zaha Hadid juga banyak menggelar pameran atau exhibition dibidang arsitektur dan seni, diantaranya: Design Museum, London (2007); Ma10 Mx Protetch Gallery, Chelsea, NYC (2006); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York (2006); dan MAK - Museum für angewandte Kunst or Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna (2003). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis karya-karya desain arsitektur Zaha Hadid untuk mendapatkan: konsep dan tipe, level tipologikal, dan proses dari tipe. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan: (1) metode perancangan yang telah ada; (2). tipe dari proyek bangunan yang telah ada sebelumnya; dan (3) functional typologies dari tipe yang telah ada sebelumnya. Penelitian ini mengggunakan metode content analysis dengan mempelajari pemikiran dan informasi teks karya-karya arsitektur Zaha Hadid. Prinsip penafsiran menggunakan empat prinsip (Sumarlan, 2003 dikutip Jerobisonif, 2011), yaitu: (1) prinsip penafsiran personal; (2) prinsip penafsiran lokasional; (3) prinsip penafsiran temporal; dan 4) prinsip penafsiran analogi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teori yang digunakan oleh Zaha Hadid adalah Virtuoso of Elegance yang diwujudkan dalam desain dengan metode: (1) fragmented geometry; (2) distortion and deformation; (3) fluid organisational system; dan (4) colour is the building with light. Konsep dan metode ini dapat dikatakan sebagai ciri karya desain arsitektural Zaha Hadid

Structure and mechanism of soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase

Soluble glucose dehydrogenase (s-GDH; EC 1.1.99.17) is a classical quinoprotein which requires the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to oxidize glucose to gluconolactone. The reaction mechanism of PQQ-dependent enzymes has remained controversial due to the absence of comprehensive structural data. We have determined the X-ray structure of s-GDH with the cofactor at 2.2 Angstrom resolution, and of a complex with reduced PQQ and glucose at 1.9 Angstrom resolution. These structures reveal the active site of s-GDH, and show for the first time how a functionally bound substrate interacts with the cofactor in a PQQ-dependent enzyme. Twenty years after the discovery of PQQ, our results finally provide conclusive evidence for a reaction mechanism comprising general base-catalyzed hydride transfer, rather than the generally accepted covalent addition-elimination mechanism. Thus, PQQ-dependent enzymes use a mechanism similar to that of nicotinamide- and flavin-dependent oxidoreductases.</p

A novel dye-linked alcohol dehydrogenase activity present in some Gram-positive bacteria

An assay was developed which allowed reproducible detection of methanol oxidation by cell free extracts of methanol-grown Amycolatopsis methanolica. The dye-linked activity was only observed when high concentrations of phosphate or sulphate salts were applied in the assay. The specific activity strongly increased when raising the amount of cell free extract in the assay. From the large number of electron acceptors tested only the tetrazolium dyes MTT and INT showed significant activity. Activity was observed with primary as well as secondary alcohols. A similar activity was found in ethanol-grown A. methanolica, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Rhodococcus rhodochrous, but not in other bacteria tested. The identity and possible involvement in alcohol oxidation of this novel dye-linked activity is discussed.

Relationship Between Statistical Literacy and Mathematical Representation of Students Through Collaborative Problem Solving Model

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between statistical literacy and mathematical representation of students as pre-service elementary school teachers through the Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) model. The relationship between statistical literacy and mathematical representation was analyzed by using a product-moment correlation with a sample of 35 students of Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program at one of the state universities in Ambon City. The results showed that there was a positive and strong relationship between statistical literacy and mathematical representation with a correlation value of 0.66. This relationship means that if students have good mathematical representation abilities, statistical literacy abilities are also getting better. Exploration of statistical literacy and mathematical representation abilities can be facilitated by using The CPS learning model. The CPS learning model can facilitate student learning as a structure in mathematical thinking so that statistical literacy and mathematical representation abilities of students can be explored through the transformation of ideas among students. The CPS learning model aspects were implemented in high and very high categories while the indicators were at rating-2 and rating-3

The 1.7 Å Crystal Structure of the Apo Form of the Soluble Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Reveals a Novel Internal Conserved Sequence Repeat

The crystal structure of a dimeric apo form of the soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (s-GDH) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has been solved by multiple isomorphous replacement followed by density modification, and was subsequently refined at 1.72 Å resolution to a final crystallographic R-factor of 16.5% and free R-factor of 0.8 %. The s-GDH monomer has a β-propeller fold consisting of six four-stranded anti-parallel β-sheets aligned around a pseudo 6-fold symmetry axis. The enzyme binds three calcium ions per monomer, two of which are located in the dimer interface. The third is bound in the putative active site, where it may bind and functionalize the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) cofactor. A data base search unexpectedly showed that four uncharacterized protein sequences are homologous to s-GDH with many residues in the putative active site absolutely conserved. This indicates that these homologs may have a similar structure and that they may catalyze similar PQQ-dependent reactions. A structure-based sequence alignment of the six four-stranded β-sheets in s-GDH's β-propeller fold shows an internally conserved sequence repeat that gives rise to two distinct conserved structural motifs. The first structural motif is found at the corner of the short β-turn between the inner two β-strands of the β-sheets, where an Asp side-chain points back into the β-sheet to form a hydrogen-bond with the OH/NH of a Tyr/Trp side-chain in the same β-sheet. The second motif involves an Arg/Lys side-chain in the C β-strand of one β-sheet, which forms a bidentate salt-bridge with an Asp/Glu in the CD loop of the next β-sheet. These intra and inter-β-sheet hydrogen-bonds are likely to contribute to the stability of the s-GDH β-propeller fold.