Aspects of the respiratory physiology and oxygen preferences of four aquatic Oligochaetes (Annelida)

No Abstract

A comparison of rumen functioh in four Kalahari ungulates

No Abstract

Rumen ciliate fauna of the springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) in southern Africa

Springbok were sampled in Angola, South West Africa, the Kalahari, the Cape Province and Eastern Transvaal between July 1973 and July 1974. All the ciliates found in the twenty rumens investigated belonged to a single genus, Entodinium  (family Ophryoscolecidae). Eight species were identified and two new species are described, E. kalaharicus and E. lucii

Longitude distribution of solar flares

Longitude distribution of solar flare

In vitro digestibility of plants normally consumed by the kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros

No Abstract

Rumen ciliate protozoa of the sable antelope Hippotragus niger

Of the 11 ciliate protozoa present in the rumen of the sable antelope, two are holotrichs and nine entodiniomorphs. One new species Diplodinium (Eudiplodinium) sablei is described. The seven antelopes investigated gave an average total number of protozoa per cm3 rumen fluid of 1,79 ± 0,39 × 105, a relatively low figure typical of grazing wild ungulates.Van die 11 siliaat-protozoa teenwoordig in die rumen van die swartwitpens was twee holotriche en nege entodiniomorphe vorme. Een nuwe spesies Diplodinium (Eudiplodinium) sablei word beskryf. Die sewe swartwitpense wat ondersoek is, het gemiddeld 1,79 ± 0,39 × 10* protozoa per cm3 rumenvloeistof gehad, 'n relatief lae syfer tipies van weiende wildsbokke

Management of allergic conjunctivitis: an evaluation of the perceived comfort and therapeutic efficacy of olopatadine 0.2% and azelastine 0.05% from two prospective studies

Arthur B Epstein1, Peter T Van Hoven2, Alan Kaufman3, Warner W Carr41North Shore Contact Lens and Vision Consultants, Roslyn Heights, NY, USA; 2Primary Eyecare Group PC, Brentwood, TN, USA; 3Adult Allergy Clinic and the Division of Allergy and Immunology, Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; 4Southern California Research, Mission Viejo, CA, USAPurpose: Results from 2 patient-reported outcome studies of allergic conjunctivitis sufferers who used olopatadine 0.2% and azelastine 0.05% are analyzed.Methods: The PACE (Pataday Allergic Conjunctivitis Evaluation) multi-center, prospective, open-label study examined patient perceptions of olopatadine 0.2% once daily (qd) and previous twice daily (bid) allergic conjunctivitis medications via questionnaire in allergic conjunctivitis sufferers who had previously used bid medication and then initiated olopatadine. A second conjunctival antigen challenge (CAC) study evaluated comfort of 4 allergic conjunctivitis medications. Results: Forty-nine patients from the PACE study (N = 125) with prior azelastine use were examined. Significantly more patients rated themselves “very satisfied” with current olopatadine use compared with past azelastine use on drop comfort (p < 0.0001), speed of relief (p = 0.0004), and overall satisfaction (70% vs 16%, p < 0.0001). Significantly more patients reported olopatadine “very effective” against swelling compared with azelastine (47% vs 8%, p = 0.0404). In the CAC study (N = 36), data from olopatadine (n = 8), azelastine (n = 9) and placebo (N = 36) groups were reported. Olopatadine was rated significantly more comfortable than azelastine upon instillation (p = 0.0223), at 30 seconds (p = 0.0479), and at 1 minute after instillation (p = 0.0240).Conclusion: In the reported studies, olopatadine 0.2% qd was more comfortable than azelastine 0.05% and preferred by patients with allergic conjunctivitis by a ratio of 4:1.Keywords: allergic conjunctivitis, azelastine, ocular allergy, olopatadine, patient perception