Framing tourist risk in UK press accounts of Hurricane Ivan

This article examines the coverage of selected UK press reports of Hurricane Ivan in September 2004 that was the most powerful storm to hit the Caribbean within the last 10 years. Quantitative content analysis has been utilised in this study to determine the main sources of information on the Hurricane and to examine the framing of tourist risk in the press accounts of this disaster. It is demonstrated that the reporting of Hurricane Ivan in the news items tended to convey information that amplified tourist vulnerability and risk. Institutional official sources were often quoted to reinforce danger and ‘no-escape’ rather than reporting on management strategies to reduce these risks or measures that were implemented to ensure visitor safety. This article therefore contends that media management strategies on disasters need to employ more precise and careful monitoring of media accounts of disasters in major generating markets. Such activities may be invaluable in providing assistance to tourism managers regarding decisions on communications strategies and marketing activity aimed at repairing damage and returning to normality in an affected country or region

correction to unpacking configurational dynamics sequence analysis and qualitative comparative analysis as a mixed method design

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Geochemistry of highly acidic mine water following disposal into a natural lake with carbonate bedrock

Acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Zn-Pb(-Ag-Bi-Cu) deposit of Cerro de Pasco (Central Peru) and waste water from a Cu-extraction plant has been discharged since 1981 into Lake Yanamate, a natural lake with carbonate bedrock. The lake has developed a highly acidic pH of similar to 1. Mean lake water chemistry was characterized by 16,775 mg/L acidity as CaCO(3), 4330 mg/L Fe and 29,250 mg/L SO(4). Mean trace element concentrations were 86.8 mg/L Cu, 493 mg/L Zn, 2.9 mg/L Pb and 48 mg/L As, which did not differ greatly from the discharged AMD. Most elements showed increasing concentrations from the surface to the lake bottom at a maximal depth of 41 m (e.g. from 3581 to 5433 mg/L Fe and 25,609 to 35,959 mg/L SO(4)). The variations in the H and 0 isotope compositions and the element concentrations within the upper 10 m of the water column suggest mixing with recently discharged AMD, shallow groundwater and precipitation waters. Below 15 m a stagnant zone had developed. Gypsum (saturation index, SI similar to 0.25) and anglesite (SI similar to 0.1) were in equilibrium with lake water. Jarosite was oversaturated (SI similar to 1.7) in the upper part of the water column, resulting in downward settling and re-dissolution in the lower part of the water column (SI similar to -0.7). Accordingly, jarosite was only found in sediments from less than 7 m water depth. At the lake bottom, a layer of gel-like material (similar to 90 wt.% water) of pH similar to 1 with a total organic C content of up to 4.40 wet wt.% originated from the kerosene discharge of the Cu-extraction plant and had contaminant element concentrations similar to the lake water. Below the organic layer followed a layer of gypsum with pH 1.5, which overlaid the dissolving carbonate sediments of pH 5.3-7. In these two layers the contaminant elements were enriched compared to lake water in the sequence As < Pb approximate to Cu < Cd < Zn = Mn with increasing depth. This sequence of enrichment was explained by the following processes: (i) adsorption of As on Fe-hydroxides coating plant roots at low pH (up to 3326 mg/kg As), (ii) adsorption at increasing pH near the gypsum/calcite boundary (up to 1812 mg/kg Pb, 2531 mg/kg Cu. and 36 mg/kg Cd), and (iii) precipitation of carbonates (up to 5177 mg/kg Zn and 810 mg/kg Mn: all data corrected to a wet base). The infiltration rate was approximately equal to the discharge rate, thus gypsum and hydroxide precipitation had not resulted in complete clogging of the lake bedrocks. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Reststoffe der Kupferschieferverhuettung. T. 1 Mansfelder Kupferschlacken. Beitraege zum Workshop

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 6252(1997,23) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Prozesse und Stoffstroeme in Kippensedimenten - Tagebaue Zwenkau, Cospuden und Espenhain Beitraege

Der offene Braunkohlebergbau hatten in den bergbaulich betroffenen Regionen durch die vollstaendige Massenumsetzung des quartaeren und tertiaeren Deckgebirges eine Zerstoerung der ehemals fuer Trink- und Brauchwasser genutzten Grundwasserleiter zur Folge. Die grossraeumige und langandauernde Grundwasserabsenkung fuehrte zu nachfolgend irreversiblen Veraenderungen des Mineral- und Stoffbestandes in den Aquiferen. Die Fuellung der Tagebaue mit Abraummaterial erzeugt Kippenkoerper mit komplizierter Schuettungsstruktur und heterogenen hydraulischen Eigenschaften, die langfristig die Qualitaet der Grund- und Oberflaechenwasser-Systeme beeinflussen werden. Die bisherigen Vorstellungn zum hydrologischen Geschehen in Kippenkoerpern und den mit dem Grundwasseranstieg einhergehenden Versauerungserscheinungen, Mineralumbildungen und Metallmobilisierungen gehen von einem homogenen Wasserfluss in den geschuetteten Sedimenten aus, der nur eine grobe Naeherung darstellt. Besonders das geochemische und hydraulische Langzeitverhalten der Kippenkoerper (Standfestigkeit, Einfuss auf die Grundwasserneubildung, Qualitaet des Wassers) wurde bisher in keinem der Modelle ausreichend beruecksichtigt. (orig.)Open-cast mining has caused complete destruction of the quarternary and tertiary bedrock in mining regions, including destruction of the aquifers formerly used for freshwater and service water supply. The large-area, long-term lowering of the groundwater level resulted in irreversible changes in the minerals and materials concentrations in the aquifers. Filling-up of open-cast mines with overburden material resulted in spoilbanks with complex structures and heterogeneous hydraulic properties which may affect the quality of the groundwater and surface water systems in the long run. So far, descriptions of the hydrological processes in spoilbanks and of the acidification processes, minerals reforming processes and metal mobilisations are based on the assumption of homogeneous water flow in the dumped sediments which can be no more than a rough approximation. In particular, the geochemical and hydraulic long-term behaviour of the spoilbanks (stability, effects on new groundwater formation, water quality) are considered in none of the available modelsAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 6252(1999,25) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman