Volatile Hiring: Uncertainty in Search and Matching Models

In search-and-matching models, the nonlinear nature of search frictions increases average unemployment rates during periods with higher volatility. These frictions are not, however, by themselves sufficient to raise unemployment following an increase in perceived uncertainty; though they may do so in conjunction with the common assumption of wages being determined by Nash bargaining. Importantly, option-value considerations play no role in the standard model with free entry. In contrast, when the mass of entrepreneurs is finite and there is heterogeneity in firm-specific productivity, a rise in perceived uncertainty robustly increases the option value of waiting and reduces job creation

Bescherming en beheer van het Schelde-estuarium

The ecological quality ofthe Scheldt has been strongly affected by deepening, reclaiming and polluting the water of the river. The use of national instruments of protection has unsufficiently contributed to the recovery of the estuarium. Field managers of nature-areas have succesfully taken the negative effects of the other functions as starting point into their management. The program for compensation of lost nature on behalf of the recent deepening will be evaluated next year, and adapted if necessary. The European directives for nature, water and fishery become more and more important. They play a big role in the long term vision for the Scheldt-estuarium

Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty Versus Conservative Treatment for Comminuted Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Systematic Literature Review

The objective was to identify whether arthroplasty or conservative treatment is the best available treatment for three- and four-part proximal humeral fractures by analyzing the outcome measure of the Constant score. We conducted an electronic search. The systematic review included 33 studies encompassing 1096 patients with three- or four-part proximal humeral fractures that used the Constant score as outcome measure. The mean Constant score in the conservative group was 66.5 and in the arthroplasty group was 55.5. The difference could be attributed to selection bias, unreliable classification of the fractures and inter-observer differences in the assessment of the Constant score

Lange termijn effecten van fosfaatbalansen op bouwland; fosfaattrappen proefveld Lelystad

Dit rapport geeft de resultaten van veeljarig onderzoek naar effecten van fosfaatgiften afgestemd op evenwichtsbemesting. Hierbij wordt gepoogd een antwoord gegeven op de volgende vragen: 1. Welk risico levert een veeljarige evenwichtsbemesting met fosfaat op vermindering van opbrengst en kwaliteit van landbouwgewassen? 2. Vermindert een gebruiksnorm afgestemd op evenwichtsbemesting op korte en lange termijn het risico op fosfaatuitspoeling? 3. In welke mate wordt de verdeling van bodemfosfaat over verschillende fracties gewijzigd en wat is de betekenis daarvan voor de bodemvruchtbaarheid op lange termijn? Deze vragen worden in dit rapport deels beantwoord op basis van langjarig onderzoek op een fosfaatproefveld op zeeklei te Lelystad. In deze veldproef wordt sinds 1990 onderzoek uitgevoerd naar de effecten van verschillende fosfaatgiften op opbrengst, fosfaattoestand van de bodem en fosfaatfracties in de bodem

Norditerpenoids with selective anti-cholinesterase activity from the roots of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth

Inhibition of cholinesterases remains one of a few available treatment strategies for neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer's disease and related conditions. The current study was inspired by previous data on anticholinesterase properties of diterpenoids from Perovskia atriplicifolia and other Lamiaceae species. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition by the three new natural compounds-(1R,15R)-1-acetoxycryptotanshinone (1), (1R)-1-acetoxytanshinone IIA (2), and (15R)-1-oxoaegyptinone A (3)-as well as, new for this genus, isograndifoliol (4) were assessed. Three of these compounds exhibited profound inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and much weaker inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). All compounds (1-4) selectively inhibited BChE (IC(50) = 2.4, 7.9, 50.8, and 0.9 µM, respectively), whereas only compounds 3 and 4 moderately inhibited AChE (IC(50) 329.8 µM and 342.9 µM). Molecular docking and in silico toxicology prediction studies were also performed on the active compounds. Natural oxygenated norditerpenoids from the traditional Central Asian medicinal plant P. atriplicifolia are selective BChE inhibitors. Their high potential makes them useful candidate molecules for further investigation as lead compounds in the development of a natural drug against dementia caused by neurodegenerative diseases

Simple elbow dislocations: a systematic review of the literature

Objective: To identify if functional treatment is the best available treatment for simple elbow dislocations. Search strategy: Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Selection criteria: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were trials comparing different techniques for the treatment of simple elbow dislocations. Data analysis: Results were expressed as relative risk for dichotomous outcomes and weighted mean difference for continuous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals. Main results: This review has included data from two trials and three observational comparative studies. Important data were missing from three observational comparative studies and the results from these studies were extracted for this review. No difference was found between surgical treatment of the collateral ligaments and plaster immobilisation of the elbow joint. Better range of movement, less pain, better functional scores, shorter disability and shorter treatment time were seen after functional treatment versus plaster immobilisation