Assessment of Water Quality of Peddacheruvu, Sambaiah Cheruvu, Gaddapotharam and Rudraram Cheruvu of Medak District

In the present study, an attempt is made to analyze the physico-chemical aspects along with trace elements and organics of four different lake waters of the industrial area of Medak district namely - Gaddapotharam, Peddacheruvu, Sambaiah & Rudraram cheruvu. The lake water analysis shows that among all the lakes, Gaddapotharam Lake is the highly polluted lake followed by Rudraram Lake. Peddacheruvu and Sambaiah lakes might be polluted due to rainwater/storm water discharges. The results clearly show that majority of water quality parameters such as Chemical Oxygen Demand, chlorides and dissolved solids are quite high. This might be due to the collection of samples in summer during which the pollutants might have got concentrated and hence the analysis results are observed to be high. The levels of pollutants are found to be high at the inlet areas of the lakes close to industrial area. In addition, high levels in some sites are also due to agricultural and sewage drainages of some villages. Moreover, it is also observed that during midsummer all the lakes have dried up except for Gaddapotharam Lake. The dry sediments can be removed by digging out and replacing the bottom with good soil cover which will support aquatic life of the clean water that may enter with rainfall

In vitro cytotoxicity of carbon nanoparticles against Hep G 32 cells

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of two multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on human hepatocytes (Hep G 32 cell lines). The toxic effects of carbon nanoparticles were analyzed after 48 h of incubation with Hep G 32 cells using MTT assay and also estimated the levels of LDH (that is leakage into the media). The results of the LDH estimation demonstrated that exposure of multi wall carbon nanotubes to hepatocytes (Hep G 32) for 48 h resulted in concentration-dependent increase in LDH leakage and exhibited a significant (p 50 or IC50 values (toxic concentration 50 i.e. concentration of particles inducing 50 %cell mortality) of two nanoparticles were found in the range of 36.99-37.15 μg/ml, which were less than that of quartz (known toxic agent, 39.85 μg/ml), indicating the toxic nature of carbon nanoparticlesColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Frog intestinal perfusion to evaluate drug permeability: application to p-gp and cyp3a4 substrates

AbstractTo evaluate the reliability of using in situ frog intestinal perfusion technique for permeability assessment of carrier transported drugs which are also substrates for CYP enzymes. Single Pass Intestinal Perfusion (SPIP) studies were performed in frogs of the species Rana tigrina using established method for rats with some modifications after inducing anesthesia. Effective permeability coefficient (Peff) of losartan and midazolam was calculated in the presence and absence of inhibitors using the parallel-tube model. Peff of losartan when perfused alone was found to be 0.427 ± 0.27×10-4cm/s and when it was co-perfused with inhibitors, significant change in Peff was observed. Peff of midazolam when perfused alone was found to be 2.03 ± 0.07 × 10-4cm/s and when it was co-perfused with inhibitors, no significant change in Peff was observed. Comparison of Peff calculated in frog with that of other available models and also humans suggested that the Peff values are comparable and reflected well with human intestinal permeability. It is possible to determine the Peff value for compounds which are dual substrates of P-gp and CYP3A4 using in situ frog intestinal perfusion technique. The calculated Peff values correlated well with reported Peff values of probe drugs. comparison of the Peff value of losartan obtained with that of reported human’s Peff and Caco 2 cell data, and comparison of the Peff value of midazolam with that of reported rat’s Peff, we could conclude that SPIP from model can be reliably used in preclinical studies for permeability estimation. This model may represent a valuable alternative to the low speed and high cost of conventional animal models (typically rodents) for the assessment of intestinal permeability

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Quinoxaline-6-Carboxamide Derivatives

ABSTRACT Quinoxaline is nitrogen containing heterocyclic nucleus made up of benzene ring and pyrazine ring. It is a wonderful nucleus which gives almost all type of biological activity. In the last two decades, several quinoxaline derivatives have been tested and presented antibacterial activity and as antifungal agents. The present paper describes the synthesis and antibacterial activity of series of new quinoxaline-6-carboxamide derivatives (5a-5p). The newly synthesized quinoxaline carboxamides (5a-5p) have been screened against four bacterial strains such (i) Escherichia coli, (ii) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (iii) Staphylococcus aureus and (iv) Streptococcus pyogenes. All the newly synthesized carboxamide derivatives 5a-5p was characterized by IR, Mass & 1 H NMR spectral data