Futsal World Cup: Differences Created by Winning, Losing and Drawing Variables in Scored Goals and Offensive Variations

Futsal, which can be defined as a new sports branch compared to football, has some shortcomings in comparison with football as well according to the studies carried out.  Studies have rather focused on the movement characteristics of futsal players during the game and the physiological effects of games. On the other hand, there are only a limited number of studies conducted on game analysis. Therefore, as the primary goal of the present study, offensive variations that ended up as goals in all matches played in Futsal World Cup were analyzed. As the secondary goal, these parameters were studied in terms of the teams’ winning-drawing-losing states during games. In the present study, a total of 52 matches of the teams playing in 2016 FIFA Futsal World Championship were analyzed. The analyses of the games were performed using the hand notation method. Differences between offensive variations (Diagonal, parallel, central and transition game forms, set games etc.) and the goals scored (shots taken, shots at goal, the area where the goals were scored, the way the goals were scored, the area where the foot hit the ball, block shoots etc.) were determined with One-way Anova and Kruskal-Wallis tests on SPSS version 20 in terms of 3 variables (win-loss-draw). The findings show that the winning teams had significantly more shots than the losing teams (10.80, 95%CI (from 3, 73 to 17, 87) and that the number of shots at goal was also higher (5.82, 95%CI (from 2, 43 to 9, 91) in terms of the teams’ winning-losing-drawing states. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the areas where the shots were taken and the points they ended up at the goal. As for position specific games, on the other hand, statistically significant differences were found in terms of winning, losing and drawing states during the game (central= χ2(2) = 10.500, p = .005, diagonal= χ2(2) = 17.142, p = .000, parallel= χ2(2) = 10.931, p = .004, transition= χ2(2) = 28,587 p = .000). No statistically significant difference was found between set games ending up with goals and the teams’ game score variables. The results obtained concerning offensive variations in a superior futsal championship reveal that positional games of dynamic style could be much more effective compared to set games of static starting positions in winning the game. Moreover, producing shooting positions and their accuracy levels seem to be an important factor affecting success. According to these results, it can be recommended that the trainings to be held should be designed to improve positional games that these should be planned as practices that result in shots

Advanced alveolar echinococcosis disease associated with Budd–Chiari syndrome

AbstractIntroductionAlveolar echinococceal disease of the liver is rare. Echinococcus multilocularis is responsible for the development of the related clinical conditions. Advanced disease may result with serious complications such as end stage liver disease and Budd–Chiari syndrome.Presentation of caseIn this presentation, a 28 years-old woman who was a case with advanced alveolar echinococcosis complicated with a Budd–Chiari syndrome and was performed successful living donor liver transplantation, has been demonstrated with clinical and radiological images.DiscussionInitially there may be no clinical evidence of the disease in humans for years. Severity and fatality are the significant characteristics of the natural history. Extension to the surrounding tissues and metastasis of the parasitic mass may be observed. Prevention is essential in disease control. Serologic assay may identify the parasite. However, early diagnosis is rare. Staging is based on radiologic imaging. Some patients with advanced disease may require surgery. Hepatic resection and liver transplantation are accepted procedures in selected patients.ConclusionThe importance of early diagnosis to prevent advanced complications such as development of Budd–Chiari syndrome and metastasis has been underlined

NITRIC OXIDE AND LACTATE RESPONSES TO MAXIMAL INTERMITTENT ACUTE EXERCISE

Abstract. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas with vasodilator and metabolic regulator properties. The present study aimed to examine the relation between NO and lactic acid, and NO difference in acute anaerobic and aerobic loads in aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups. Three groups participated in this study; each group consisted of 11 men with similar physical characteristics. The groups consisted of swimmers as the aerobic group (AeG), volleyball players as the anaerobic group (AnG), and control group (CG). Participants were given 3 acute exercise phases in the scope of lactate minimum speed test (LMSt). NO and lactic acid measurements were taken at particular phases in LMSt. Lactate minimum speed values of AeG (11.5±1.1 km·h-1) were significantly higher than those of the CG (p0.05; 9.2%) than the base NO. Additionally, contrary to the AnG, an increase was observed in ΔNOlevel during active recovery and in NO level after the reloading phase in AeG. Also, lactate elimination level of the aerobic group was higher than the other groups. As a result; these findings show the role of a more active lactate elimination capacity since NO levels in the aerobic group are higher than the other groups following a maximal intermittent exercise.Key words: Nitric oxide, lactate minimum, performance, aerobic, anaerobic

Profesyonel futbolcuların oynadıkları mevkilere göre maksimal oksijen kullanım kapasitelerinin ve laktik asit düzeylerinin incelenmesi

Amaç; futbol yüksek şiddetteki egzersiz periyotları ile daha düşük şiddetteki egzersiz periyotlarının karışımını aynı mücadele içerisinde birleştirmektedir. Futbolun fizyolojik gereksinimleri, futbolcularda aerobik, anaerobik güç ve kapasite, kassal kuvvet, esneklik ve genetik özelliklerini içeren birçok bileşene sahip olmalarını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Oyuncuların bu bileşenlere sahip olma oranları doğrultusunda çoğunlukla takım içerisindeki mevkileri ve takımın oyun sistemi belirlenmektedir. Fizyolojik bileşenlere yönelik objektif bilgiler bu özelliklere yönelik performans testlerinin uygulanması ile sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; profesyonel futbolcuların maksimal oksijen kullanım kapasitelerinin ve laktik asit değerlerinin mevkilere göre incelenmesi, çıkan sonuçların karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem; araştırma Türkiye II. Liginde mücadele eden 50 profesyonel üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. 50 profesyonel futbolcu orta saha (n= 22, boy ortalaması = 172,72 ± 5,27, vücut ağırlığı = 71,40 ± 5,85), defans (n= 15, boy ortalaması = 180,13 ± 5,60, vücut ağırlığı = 76,73 ± 5,67), forvet (n=13, boy ortalaması = 175,76 ± 3,39, vücut ağırlığı = 76,69 ± 5,23) olarak 3 farklı gruba ayrıldı. Kan laktik asit değerlerinin tespiti, 20 m Progressive Lactate Shuttle Run testi sırasında alınan kan örneklerinin YSI 1500 Sport kan laktat ölçüm cihazı ile saptandı. Anaerobik eşik hızlarının ve anaerobik eşik kalp atım sayılarının tespiti için 4 mmol/L sabit laktat değeri kullanıldı. MaxVO2 tespiti için DelMonte tarafından geliştirilen futbola özgü Treadmill koşu testi uygulandı. Test sırasında maxVO2 değerleri Quark b2 Breath by Breath Pulmonary Gas Exchange ölçüm cihazı ile saptandı. Futbolcuların yağ ölçümleri Body Stat 1500 Body Composition kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular; çalışmamız sonucunda gelişimi önem taşıyan parametrelerden maxVO2 genel değeri, orta saha, defans ve forvet mevkilerine göre sırası ile; 44,63 ± 3,69, 46,60 ± 4,10, 43,79, 42,25 ± 2,54 ml/kg/dk olarak bulundu. Çalışmamıza katılan mevkiler arasında karşılaştırmalı istatistiki analizi sonucunda p.05). Anaerobik koşu hızları bakımından gruplar arasında istatistiki açıdan p<.01 düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi ve bu farkın 12,37 üst değerine sahip orta saha grubu ile 11,32 alt değerine sahip defans grubundan kaynaklandığı gözlemlendi. Sonuç; çalışmamızdan elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar, profesyonel takımların mücadele ettiği liglerde ve uluslar arası müsabakalarda başarılı olabilmesi için geliştirmek zorunda olduğu farklı fiziksel özellik parameterlerini vermesi açısından önemlidir. Elde edilen değerler neticesinde, futbol oyununda farklı mevkilerin farklı ölçülerde gereksinim duyduğu aerobik güç ve aerobik kapasite özelliklerinin bilinerek antrenörlerin hazırlayacağı antrenman planlarında sporcuların genetik sınırları dahilinde farklı mevkilerde hangi yetilerin gelişimine öncelik vermesi gerektiği konusunda yardımcı olacağı kanaatindeyiz

Does running performance in small-sided games have a relation with postural control in youth soccer players?

Running speeds of and the distances covered by footballers during matches or small-sided games have been well determined. However, there is no study associating the properties of these parameters with the postural control properties in small-sided games (SSG). The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between parameters designating postural control levels and running speeds in SSG. Sixteen youth players (age 17.2 ± 1.02, height 176.25 ± 0.072 cm, body mass 67.67 ± 13.27 kg) voluntarily participated in all the tests. Postural control was evaluated using one and both leg stance positions by measuring postural sway specify according to Center of Pressure (CoP) at anterior – posterior (ap) and medial – lateral directions. Movement data were collected using a 10-Hz global positioning system from games during the 1vs1, 2vs2, 3vs3 SSG, including measures of speed and the distance covered at those speeds. The main findings of our study showed a significant relationship between the running speeds of 0-6 km · h-1, 6-10 km · h-1 and 10-16 km · h-1 which can be defined as the velocities used in acceleration and direction changes and the postural parameters of CoPdap, CoPdvel,CoPndvel and CoPndvar (rvalues ranging from 0.503 to 0.639) levels in 2vs2 and 3vs3 games.In conclusion, when improvement of postural control, which is a variable that can lead to an increase in athletes’ competing performances, is desired, combining practices that are designed to work out postural control parameters separately with football specific exercises (combined training) in a single training session would make significant contributions to competing performances of athletesRunning speeds of and the distances covered by footballers during matches or small-sided games have been well determined. However, there is no study associating the properties of these parameters with the postural control properties in small-sided games (SSG). The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between parameters designating postural control levels and running speeds in SSG. Sixteen youth players (age 17.2 ± 1.02, height 176.25 ± 0.072 cm, body mass 67.67 ± 13.27 kg) voluntarily participated in all the tests. Postural control was evaluated using one and both leg stance positions by measuring postural sway specify according to Center of Pressure (CoP) at anterior – posterior (ap) and medial – lateral directions. Movement data were collected using a 10-Hz global positioning system from games during the 1vs1, 2vs2, 3vs3 SSG, including measures of speed and the distance covered at those speeds. The main findings of our study showed a significant relationship between the running speeds of 0-6 km · h-1, 6-10 km · h-1 and 10-16 km · h-1 which can be defined as the velocities used in acceleration and direction changes and the postural parameters of CoPdap, CoPdvel,CoPndvel and CoPndvar (rvalues ranging from 0.503 to 0.639) levels in 2vs2 and 3vs3 games.In conclusion, when improvement of postural control, which is a variable that can lead to an increase in athletes’ competing performances, is desired, combining practices that are designed to work out postural control parameters separately with football specific exercises (combined training) in a single training session would make significant contributions to competing performances of athlete

The Importance of Postural Control in Relation to Technical Abilities in Small-Sided Soccer Games

WOS: 000387111600006PubMed ID: 28149410Making assessments regarding postural control and balance is very important for injury prevention in soccer. However, there has been no study that has associated postural control variables with branch-specific technical properties in a game. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between variables designating postural control levels and technical performance variables in different (1: 1, 2: 2 and 3: 3) small-sided games (SSGs). Sixteen trained male amateur soccer players volunteered to take part in the study (age 17.2 +/- 1.02 years, body height 176.25 +/- 0.07 m, body mass 67.67 +/- 13.27 kg). Following familiarization sessions, postural control was evaluated using one-leg and both-leg quiet-stance positions by measuring postural sway with a Tekscan HR Mat (TM) in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. Later, 1: 1, 2: 2 and 3: 3 SSGs were performed at two-day intervals and the technical variables specified for each game were analyzed. A Spearman's rank-order correlation analysis demonstrated the relationship between postural control and soccer-specific technical variables in 1: 1 (r-values ranging from 0.582 to 0.776), 2: 2 (r-values ranging from 0.511 to 0.740) and 3: 3 (r-values ranging from 0.502 to 0.834) SSGs. In addition, a Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed differences between SSGs in terms of several variables. The results of the study showed that higher postural control levels are among the important variables that affect success in the performance of technical skills under rival pressure and suddenly changing conditions. Therefore, it is recommended that in addition to its use for injury prevention purposes, balance training should be conducted to improve branch-specific technical skills and to increase the levels of their successful performance in a game

Factor structure of swimmers for evaluating endurance and predicting 5000-m indoor and open water swimming performance

WOS: 000486632100005Background: The purpose of the present study was to describe factor structures to evaluate swimmers' endurance. The second aim was to determine 5000m pool velocity (5000(vp)) and 5000m open water swimming velocity (5000(vow)). Material and methods: The study sample comprised 14 swimmers who were candidates for the Turkish Open Water National Team (age: 13.78 +/- 1.21 years; height: 168.06 +/- 6.67 m; body mass: 59.06 +/- 7.99 kg). Anaerobic threshold, critical swimming speed, and 5000m swimming tests were measured in a pool setting, and 5000m open water swimming test was measured in sea conditions. Results: Results of the factor analysis show that the effect of 4 cardiorespiratory endurance factors, classified as velocity and heart rate (HR), HR and lactate, exercise HR and exercise lactate, were explained at 89.16% in relation to 5000m open water swimming performance, and the first factor had the greatest factor weight and formed 48% of the total variance. Regression coefficients for 5000(vp) and 5000(vow) were found to be R-2 = 0.94 and R-2 = 0.79, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest the equations of prediction specified in the present study may provide trainers with more appropriate tools to evaluate performance in juvenile swimmers