139 research outputs found
Povezanost depresije i anksioznosti kod bolesnika s kroniÄnom nemalignom boli
Introduction. Two-thirds of primary care patients with depression also have somatic symptoms present, making detection of depression more difficult. Primary health care is the first level of screening for depression, and early detection is key to treatment success. Anxiety also has a high comorbidity rate with chronic pain conditions. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is common among patients with āmedically unexplainedā chronic pain and chronic physical illness and is also a predictor of chronic musculoskeletal pain after trauma. Belonging to different ethnic groups and ignorance of these differences by primary care physicians can be an obstacle to good health care, especially early recognition of depressive symptoms.
Aim. The aim of this proposed, systematic work was to draw conclusions from empirical research dealing with the processes involved in the examination of depression, anxiety, and chronic non malignant pain. The research question for this review paper was to examine the correlation of depression and anxiety with chronic non-malignant pain. The aim was to examine the role of primary health care in recognizing, preventing, and treating depression and anxiety in patients with chronic non-malignant pain, and whether there is a difference in the correlation between depression, anxiety, and chronic non-malignant pain according to ethnicity.
Methods. Methods for identifying the study were derived from the Medline database (via PubMed). The analysis included all scientific papers in English, regardless of methodology, published since 2011. The papers dealt with the correlation between depression, anxiety, and chronic non-malignant pain, and included the population of primary care patients over 18 years of age who suffer from chronic nonmalignant pain and at the same time have symptoms of depression and anxiety present or are members of ethnic groups. 403 articles were found, original and review papers, of which, after a detailed reading, 10 were selected that meet the inclusion criteria for the purposes of this review.
Results. Depression and anxiety are significantly more present in people with chronic pain (23%), compared to those who do not have chronic pain (12%). The most common is chronic musculoskeletal pain, with one-third of patients having depression. Depression and anxiety are significantly associated with the intensity and duration of pain. Chronic pain and depression also differ according to ethnic groups, with cultural differences and language barriers being a barrier to early detection of depression.
Conclusion. Depression is the most common mental health disorder associated with chronic pain. It is extremely important to treat both depression and pain, in order to prevent the development of severe depression and chronic pain at an early stage. The integrated program at the level of primary health care is expected to have positive effects on both the physical and mental condition of patients. Cultural differences and ethnicity, which can significantly reduce the detection of depressive symptoms at the primary health care level, should certainly be taken into account.Uvod. Dvije treÄine pacijenata primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite s depresijom ima prisutne i somatske simptome, ÄineÄi otkrivanje depresije težom. Primarna zdravstvena zaÅ”tita prva je razina probira za depresiju, a rano otkrivanje kljuÄno je za uspjeh lijeÄenja. Anksioznost takoÄer ima visoku stopu komorbiditeta s kroniÄnim bolnim stanjima. Generalizirani anksiozni poremeÄaj (GAD) Äest je meÄu pacijentima s āmedicinski neobjaÅ”njivomā kroniÄnom boli i kroniÄnim fiziÄkim bolestima te je i prediktor kroniÄne miÅ”iÄno-koÅ”tane boli nakon traume. Pripadnost razliÄitim etniÄkim skupinama i Äinjenica da lijeÄnici primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite ne poznaju te razlike mogu biti prepreka u dobroj zdravstvenoj skrbi, prije svega ranom prepoznavanju simptoma depresije.
Cilj. Cilj ovog predloženog, sistematiÄnog rada bio je izvuÄi zakljuÄke iz empirijskog istraživanja koje se bavi procesima ukljuÄenima u ispitivanje depresije, anksioznosti i kroniÄne nemaligne boli. IstraživaÄko pitanje za ovaj pregledni rad bilo je ispitati povezanost depresije i anksioznosti s kroniÄnom nemalignom boli. Cilj je bio ispitati ulogu primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite u prepoznavanju, prevenciji i lijeÄenju depresije i anksioznosti kod bolesnika s kroniÄnom nemalignom boli te postoji li razlika u povezanosti depresije, anksioznosti i kroniÄne nemaligne boli s obzirom na etniÄku pripadnost.
Metode. Metode za identifikaciju studije izvedene su iz baze podataka Medline (via PubMed). U analizu su ukljuÄeni svi znanstveni radovi na engleskom jeziku, bez obzira na metodologiju, objavljeni od 2011. koji se odnose na povezanost depresije, anksioznosti i kroniÄne nemaligne boli, koji obuhvaÄaju populaciju pacijenata iz primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite starijih od 18 godina koji boluju od kroniÄne nemaligne boli i istodobno imaju prisutne simptome depresije i anksioznosti ili su pripadnici etniÄkih skupina. PronaÄeno je 403 Älanka, originalnih i preglednih radova, od kojih je nakon detaljnog Äitanja odabrano 10 koji zadovoljavaju ukljuÄujuÄe kriterije za potrebe ovog pregleda.
Rezultati. Depresija i anksioznost znaÄajno su prisutnije kod osoba s kroniÄnom boli (23%) u odnosu na one koji ih nemaju (12%). NajÄeÅ”Äa je miÅ”iÄno-koÅ”tana kroniÄna bol, pri Äemu treÄina pacijenata ima depresiju. Depresija i anksioznost znaÄajno su povezane s intenzitetom i trajanjem boli. KroniÄna bol i depresija razlikuju se i s obzirom na etniÄke skupine, pri Äemu kulturalne razlike i jeziÄna barijera mogu biti prepreka u ranom otkrivanju depresije.
ZakljuÄak. Depresija je najÄeÅ”Äa smetnja mentalnog zdravlja koja je povezana s kroniÄnom boli. Od iznimne je važnosti lijeÄenje i depresije i boli, kako bi se u ranoj fazi sprijeÄio razvoj teže depresije i kroniÄne boli. Od integriranog programa na razini primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite oÄekuju se pozitivni uÄinci i na fiziÄko i na psihiÄko stanje pacijenata. Svakako treba uzeti u obzir kulturoloÅ”ke razlike i etniÄku pripadnost, koje na razini primarne zdravstvene zaÅ”tite mogu
znaÄajno smanjiti otkrivanje simptoma depresije
Dung Beetles and Long-term Habitat Fragmentation in Alter do ChĆ£o, AmazĆ“nia, Brazil
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Previous issue date: 2008
ÄIMBENICI RIZIKA U NASTANKU DEPRESIJE
Pozadina. Depresija postaje globalni javnozdravstveni problem. Recidiv bolesti je Äest, u Äak 75% unutar deset godina. PredviÄa se da Äe do 2030.godine biti drugi zdravstveni problem. Dovodi do osobnog invaliditeta, i uzrok je radno-socijalnog nefunkcioniranja obitelji. Cilj. SistematiÄnim pregledom dostupnih istraživanja prikazati koji su najÄeÅ”Äi Äimbenici rizika u nastanku depresije, tko je skloniji depresiji žene ili muÅ”karci, te procijeniti koje bi javnozdravstvene mjere doprinijele prevenciji i ranom otkrivanju depresije. Metodologija. Pretraživanjem baza podataka pronaÄeni su originalni i pregledni Älanci koji su se odnosili na temu depresije. Kriterij odabira Älanka bile su kljuÄne rijeÄi, engleski jezik te period od 2003-2014.godine. Metoda istraživanja bila je najÄeÅ”Äe kohortna longitudinalna studija, kvalitativna studija te kohortna prospektivna i retrospektivna studija. Rezultati. Istraženo je 39 Äimbenika rizika koji mogu utjecati na pojavnost depresije, od toga 28 njih viÅ”e djeluje na pojavnost depresije kod žena nego kod muÅ”karaca. TakoÄer je dokazano da je uÄestalost nastanka depresije veÄa kod žena nego kod muÅ”karaca, u omjeru 2:1. ZakljuÄak. Javnozdravstvenim mjerama, prevencijom i ranom detekcijom može se utjecati na smanjenje prevalencije depresije u populaciji.
First record of Micronycteris sanborni (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Central Amazonia, Brazil: range expansion and description of its echolocation
This note reports the first record of Micronycteris
sanborni in Amazonas State, Brazil. It extends the species ā
known range > 2000 km northwestward and represents
the first record of M. sanborni in a humid tropical ecosystem,
suggesting that the species might not be exclusive
to dry areas, as previously thought. The individual was
captured in Vismia -dominated secondary forest within
the fragmented landscape of the Biological Dynamics of
Forest Fragments Project. We present morphometric data
and provide the first description of the echolocation calls
of this poorly known species
Usporedba uÄinkovitosti razliÄitih vrsta zaÅ”titnih maski u smanjenju prijenosa virusa SARS-CoV-2
Introduction. Protective equipment has become globally used to protect against respiratory infections in healthcare workers and sick patients. With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the global pandemic, the role of protective masks in reducing the transmission of the new virus has become the subject of much research. Although the protective mask has a significant role in reducing the transmission of infections, wearing it also has certain adverse effects. Aim. The aim of this review is to show the effectiveness of different types of protective masks in reducing the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as the comparison of adverse effects when wearing protective masks. Methods. The method for analyzing the topic of the effectiveness of protective masks included reviews of papers found on the Google search engine, Medline database (via PubMed) and Hrcak. Included in the analysis are scientific papers with clinical trials or review papers, in English and Croatian, regardless of methodology, published since 2020. Included works include topics such as medical masks, respirators, cloth masks and their materials, effectiveness and importance of use, and adverse effects of wearing protective masks. A total of 2,110 articles, original and review papers were found, of which, after a detailed reading and analysis of several authors, 11 were selected that meet the eligibility criteria of this review paper.Results. There are filter half-masks with/without valve, surgical masks and hygienic or cloth masks. A surgical mask may provide better protection than a cloth mask, although this may depend on the layers and material the masks are made of. Respirator masks are somewhat more effective than surgical masks, but the difference turned out to be insignificant. The most common side effects of wearing masks for a long time are increased secretion of sputum, cough, dyspnea, difficulty when communicating, lack of closeness and feelings of insecurity. Conclusion. A face mask protects against infection and is associated with a reduced risk of infection. The habit of wearing a mask and the correct way of wearing it proved to be important factors in reducing the risk of infection.Uvod. ZaŔtitna oprema postala je globalno koriŔtena
za zaŔtitu od respiratornih infekcija kod zdravstvenih
radnika i bolesnih pacijenata. S pojavom virusa SARSCoV-
2 i globalnom pandemijom, uloga zaŔtitnih maski
u smanjenju prijenosa novog virusa postala je predmetom
mnogih istraživanja. Iako zaŔtitna maska ima
važnu ulogu u smanjenju prijenosa infekcija, njezino
noÅ”enje ima i odreÄene neželjene uÄinke.
Cilj. Prikazati uÄinkovitost razliÄitih vrsta zaÅ”titnih
maski u smanjenju prijenosa virusa SARS-CoV-2, kao
i usporedbu neželjenih uÄinaka pri noÅ”enju zaÅ”titnih
maski.
Metode. Analiza teme o uÄinkovitosti zaÅ”titnih maski
ukljuÄivala je preglede radova na tražilici Google
te baza podataka Medline (putem PubMeda) i HrÄak.
U analizu su ukljuÄeni znanstveni radovi s kliniÄkim
ispitivanjima ili pregledni radovi, na engleskom i hrvatskom
jeziku, bez obzira na metodologiju, objavljeni
od 2020. UkljuÄeni radovi sadrže teme kao Å”to
su medicinske maske, respiratori, platnene maske i
njihovi materijali, uÄinkovitost i važnost koriÅ”tenja te
neželjeni uÄinci noÅ”enja zaÅ”titnih maski. PronaÄeno
je 2110 Älanaka, originalnih i preglednih radova, od
kojih je nakon detaljnog Äitanja i analize viÅ”e autora
odabrano 11 koji zadovoljavaju ukljuÄujuÄe kriterije
za potrebe ovog preglednog rada.
Rezultati. Razlikuju se filtarske polumaske s ventilima
ili bez njih, kirurŔke maske te higijenske ili platnene
maske. KirurŔka maska može biti bolja zaŔtita
od platnene maske, iako to može ovisiti o slojevima i
materijalu od kojeg je maska izraÄena. Maske respira-tori neÅ”to su uÄinkovitije od kirurÅ”kih maski, no razlika
se pokazala neznatnom. NajÄeÅ”Äi su neželjeni uÄinci
pri dugotrajnom noÅ”enju maski pojaÄana produkcija
sputuma, kaŔalj, dispneja, otežana komunikacija, nedostatak
bliskosti i osjeÄaj nesigurnosti.
ZakljuÄak. Maska za lice Å”titi od infekcija i povezuje
se sa smanjenim rizikom od infekcije. Navika noŔenja
maske i pravilan naÄin noÅ”enja pokazali su se važnim
Äimbenikom za smanjenje rizika od infekcije
Sindrom postintenzivne skrbi Post-intensive care syndrome
Pozadina: Sindrom postintenzivne skrbi (engl. PICS-post-intenzive care syndrome) definira se kao pogorÅ”anje kognitivnih, psihiÄkih i fiziÄkih funkcija kod bolesnika koji su preboljeli bolesti s visokim stupnjem smrtnog ishoda u jedinici intenzivnog lijeÄenja (JIL). Precizna prevalencija sindroma je nepoznata: prema publiciranim rezultatima procjenjuje se da se kod jedne Äetvrtine do jedne polovine
preživjelih verificira postojanje nekih od navedenih smetnji.
Cilj: Cilj je preglednog Älanka iznaÄi zakljuÄke provedenog empirijskog istraživanja koje istražuje uÄestalost kognitivnih, psihiÄkih i fiziÄkih simptoma u bolesnika nakon otpuÅ”tanja iz jedinice intenzivnog lijeÄenja. Istraživanje je trostupanjsko te se ispituju pokazatelji sindroma PICS-a, koji su Äimbenici rizika povezani s poveÄanom incidencijom nastanka sindroma postintenzivne skrbi, i
ispitati koje metode i terapijski postupci smanjuju rizik u nastanku PICS-a.
Rezultati: Simptomi su sindroma postintenzivne skrbi slabost miÅ”iÄa, slabija pokretljivost, loÅ”ija koncentracija, slabljenje memorije, umor, anksioznost i depresivno raspoloženje. Äimbenici rizika nastanka sindroma postintenzivne skrbi neuromuskularni su poremeÄaji, demencija, psihijatrijske bolesti, JIL-specifiÄni Äimbenici, uporaba mehaniÄke ventilacije, delirij, sepsa i sindrom akutnog respiratornog
distresa. UÄestalost nastanka PICS-a može se smanjiti uporabom
metoda/postupaka koji smanjuju vremensko trajanje sedacije i ubrzavaju ranu fiziÄku rehabilitaciju.
ZakljuÄak: Sindrom se verificira kad se pronaÄu novi ili utvrdi postojanje pogorÅ”anja znakova i simptoma jednog ili viÅ”e od triju organskih sustava: kognitivni, psihiÄki i fiziÄki. Identifikacija svake navedene komponente potvrÄuje se testiranjima. Znakovi i simptomi sindroma postintenzivne skrbi mogu se poboljÅ”ati tijekom prvih 6 do 12 mjeseci nakon otpuÅ”tanja iz jedinice intenzivnog lijeÄenja. MeÄutim, kod mnogih pacijenata, deficiti perzistiraju godinama. PICS
je povezan s nemoguÄnoÅ”Äu povratka na posao i smanjenom kvalitetom stupnja života, kao i poveÄanim rizikom od smrti tijekom nekoliko sljedeÄih godina
Healthy Settings / Health Promoting Settings
In addition to genetic factors, human health is influĀ¬enced by many other exogenous factors: environĀ¬mental set-up, housing conditions, education, public services, social security, protection of people, etc. Health improvement and the creation of potentials for good health before health problems and vulnerĀ¬ability appear are the fundamental determinants of health promotion.
The World Health Organization advocates health promotion and providing healthy surroundings that would allow the maximal expression of all human potentials (mental, physical, social, spiritual). The aim of this article was to examine the association of environmental factors that affect mental and physical health. By a series of public health proĀ¬grams, there is an attempt to preserve health from the earliest beginning of life ā from its conceivement. Negative environmental factors present in the early phases of childhood may produce far-reaching consequences for the entire life. Critical groups include elderly people, homeless, migrants, persons with special needs and those living on the margin of poverty.
The reorientation of the health system is necessary, so that its focus is moved toward the individual and community, and to strengthen the culture oriented to health and prevention, not to disease. The coopĀ¬eration and linking inside the sector and with other sectors by the creation of partnerships and networks is unavoidable. There are many examples of the Healthy Cities project that contributed to the wellbeing of citizens on the level of city administration
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