59 research outputs found

    Updated radio ΣD\Sigma-D relation for Galactic supernova remnants

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    We present updated empirical radio surface-brightness-to-diameter (ΣD\Sigma-D) relation for supernova remnants (SNRs) in our Galaxy. Our original calibration sample of Galactic SNRs with independently determined distances (Pavlovic et al. 2013, hereafter Paper I) is reconsidered and updated with data which became available in the past two years. The orthogonal fitting procedure and probability-density-function-based (PDF) method are applied to the calibration sample in the logΣlogD\log \Sigma - \log D plane. Orthogonal regression keeps ΣD\Sigma-D and DΣD-\Sigma relations invariant. Our previous Monte Carlo simulations verified that the slopes of the empirical ΣD\Sigma-D relation should be determined by using orthogonal regression. Updated calibration sample contains 65 shell SNRs. 6 new Galactic SNRs are added to the sample from Paper I, one is omitted and distances are changed for 10 SNRs. The slope derived here is slightly steeper (β5.2\beta \approx 5.2) than ΣD\Sigma-D slope in Paper I (β4.8\beta \approx 4.8). The PDF method relies on data points density maps which can provide more reliable calibrations that preserve more information contained in the calibration sample. We estimate distances to five new faint Galactic SNRs discovered for the first time by Canadian Galactic Plane Survey and obtained distances of 2.3, 4.0, 1.3, 2.9 and 4.7 kiloparsecs for G108.5+11.0, G128.5+2.6, G149.5+3.2, G150.8+3.8 and G160.1-1.1, respectively. The updated empirical relation is used to estimate distances of 160 shell Galactic SNRs and new results change their distance scales up to 15 per cent, compared to results from Paper I. The PDF calculation can provide even few times higher or lower values in comparison with orthogonal fit, as it uses totally different approach. However, in average, this difference is 32, 24 and 18 per cent for mode, median and mean distances.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Serbian Astronomical Journa

    A search for candidate radio supernova remnants in the nearby irregular starburst galaxies NGC 4214 and NGC 4395

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    We present the results of a search for new candidate radio su­pernova remnants (SNRs) in the nearby starburst irregular galaxies NGC 4214 and NGC 4395 using archived radio observations made with the Very Large Array (VLA) at the wavelengths of 3.5 cm, 6 cm and 20 cm for NGC 4214 and 6 cm and 20 cm for NGC 4395. These observations were analyzed as part of our ongoing search for candidate radio SNRs in nearby galaxies: the goal of this search is to prepare a large sample of candidate radio SNRs for the purpose of a robust statistical study of the properties of these sources. Based on our analysis, we have confirmed the nonthermal nature of the discrete radio sources α and β in NGC 4214 and classify these sources as candidate radio SNRs based on their positional coincidences with HII regions in that galaxy. We have measured the flux densities of the two candidate radio SNRs at each wavelength and calculated corresponding spectral indices: we have also measured flux densities of two other discrete radio sources in these galaxies - ρ in NGC 4214 and #3 in NGC 4395 which we suspect to be additional candidate radio SNRs based on their positional coincidences with other HII regions in these galaxies. However, the radio data presently available for these sources can­not confirm such a classification and additional observations are needed. We have also calculated the radio luminosities Lradio at the wavelength of 20 cm for these two candidate radio SNRs as well as the corresponding values for the minimum total energy Emin required to power these radio sources via synchrotron emission and the corresponding magnetic field strength Bmin. We have compared our mean calculated values for these properties with the mean values for populations of candidate radio SNRs in other starburst galaxies: while the values for Lradio and Bmin are roughly comparable to the values seen in other starburst galaxies, the mean value for Emin is higher than the mean value of any other starburst galaxy. Finally, we include these two candidate radio SNRs in a discussion of the Σ − D relation for extragalactic candidate radio SNRs and find that these sources are located on the shallower end of the master Σ − D relation for all extragalactic SNRs as derived by Urošević et al.(2005).published_or_final_versio

    Dynamical aspects of Galactic habitability in N-body simulations

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    Recent studies of Galactic evolution revealed that the dynamics of the stellar component might be one of the key factors when considering galactic habitability. We run an N-body simulation model of the Milky Way, which we evolve for 10 Gyr, to study the secular evolution of stellar orbits and the resulting galactic habitability-related properties, i.e., the density of the stellar component and close stellar encounters. The results indicate that radial migrations are not negligible, even in a simple axisymmetric model with mild levels of dynamical heating, and that the net outward diffusion of the stellar component can populate galactic outskirts with habitable systems. Habitable environment is also likely even at sub-Solar galactocentric radii, because the rate of close encounters should not significantly degrade habitability. Stars that evolve from non-circular to stable nearly-circular orbits typically migrate outwards, settling down in a broad Solar neighborhood. The region between R3R \approx 3 kpc and R12R \approx 12 kpc represents the zone of radial mixing, which can blur the boundaries of the Galactic Habitable Zone, as it has been conventionally understood. The present-day stable population of the stars in the Solar neighborhood originates from this radial mixing zone, with most of the stars coming from the inner regions. The Solar system can be considered as a typical Milky Way habitable system because it migrated outwards from the metal-rich inner regions of the Disk and has a circular orbit in the present epoch. We conclude that the boundaries of the Galactic Habitable Zone cannot be sharply confined for a given epoch because of the mixing caused by the stellar migrations and secular evolution of stellar orbits.Comment: Accepted for publication in PAS

    The orthogonal fitting procedure for determination of the empirical {\Sigma} - D relations for supernova remnants: application to starburst galaxy M82

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    The radio surface brightness-to-diameter ({\Sigma} - D) relation for supernova remnants (SNRs) in the starburst galaxy M82 is analyzed in a statistically more robust manner than in the previous studies that mainly discussed sample quality and related selection effects. The statistics of data fits in log {\Sigma} - log D plane are analyzed by using vertical (standard) and orthogonal regressions. As the parameter values of D - {\Sigma} and {\Sigma} - D fits are invariant within the estimated uncertainties for orthogonal regressions, slopes of the empirical {\Sigma} - D relations should be determined by using the orthogonal regression fitting procedure. Thus obtained {\Sigma} - D relations for samples which are not under severe influence of the selection effects could be used for estimating SNR distances. Using the orthogonal regression fitting procedure {\Sigma} - D slope {\beta} \approx 3.9 is obtained for the sample of 31 SNRs in M82. The results of implemented Monte Carlo simulations show that the sensitivity selection effect does not significantly influence the slope of M82 relation. This relation could be used for estimation of distances to SNRs that evolve in denser interstellar environment, with number denisty up to 1000 particles per cm3 .Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, no changes, previous version had a typo in publication related comment, accepted for publication in Ap

    Examination of Prooxidative Activity of Red Wine in Melanoma Cells

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    Melanoma is responsible for 75% of all deaths from skin cancer. Its lethality arises from its rapid progression, easy metastasis and drug-resistance as well. Red wine is a natural product rich in polyphenolic compounds with potent anticancer activities. It seems that in cancer cells these compounds behave as prooxidants initiating reactive oxygen species mediated cellular DNA breakage and consequent cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate prooxidative activity of red wine samples (Merlot variety, commercial as well as VCR1 and VCR101 clonal wines) in melanoma A375 cells, through measuring the relationship of reduced and oxidized form of glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and comparison with the GSH/GSSG ratio in control (untreated melanoma cells). The data obtained showed that tested red wine samples decrease GSH/GSSG ratio in A375 cells compared to control (4.6 ± 0), with the largest decrease noticed in treatment with VCR101 wine (0.66 ± 0.05)

    The Sigma-D Analysis of Recently Detected Radio Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds

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    Our aim is to investigate and analyze the radio surface brightness to diameter (ΣD\Sigma-D) relation for recently detected, bright radio-continuum planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Magellanic Clouds (MC). We apply a Monte Carlo analysis in order to account for sensitivity selection effects on measured ΣD\Sigma-D relation slopes for bright radio PNe in the MCs. In the ΣD\Sigma-D plane these radio MCs PNe are positioned among the brightest of the nearby Galactic PNe, and are close to the D2D^{-2} sensitivity line of the MCs radio maps. The fitted Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) data slope appears to be influenced with survey sensitivity. This suggests the MCs radio PN sample represents just the "tip of the iceberg" of the actual luminosity function. Specifically, our results imply that sensitivity selection tends to flatten the slope of the ΣD\Sigma-D relation. Although MCs PNe appear to share the similar evolution properties as Galactic PNe, small number of data points prevented us to further constrain their evolution properties.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, updated references, Astronomy and Astrophysics, in pres

    Is There a Possibility to Involve the Hormesis Effect on the Soybean with Glyphosate Sub-Lethal Amounts Used to Control Weed Species Amaranthus retroflexus L.?

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    Sub-lethal doses of herbicides can promote plant growth and have a positive effect on an organism this is called hormesis. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate on soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) (1.8, 3.6, 7.2, 36, 180, and 720 g ha(-1)) and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (7.2, 36, 180, 720, 1440, and 2880 g ha(-1)). Different biological parameters, such as phytotoxicity, fresh weight, root length, content of photosynthetic pigments, and shikimate concentration, were measured. Glyphosate in doses of 1440 and 2880 g ha(-1) destroyed A. retroflexus plants. A fresh weight of A. retroflexus at a dose of 36 g ha(-1) was reduced by 76.31%, while for the soybean it was reduced by 19.26%. At the highest dose, the shikimate concentration was 145% in the soybean, while in A. retroflexus, the concentration increased by 58.80% compared to the control plants. All doses of glyphosate were statistically significantly different in terms of chlorophyll a content, while higher doses in A. retroflexus caused chlorophyll b to decrease. The change in the production of carotenoids was not statistically significant. The results showed that sub-lethal amounts of glyphosate did not lead to stimulation of measured parameters of soybean
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