COULOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF QUATERNIZATION OF POLYVINYLPYRIDINES.

The extent of quaternization can be monitored by determining the bromide ion concentration. When samples are dissolved in acetic acid, bromide ion is formed, the concentration of which depends on the degree of quaternization of the polyvinylpyridine. The electrogenerated iodine(I) forms a stable compound IBr with the bromide ion. It was established experimentally that electrophilic substitution by the iodine(I) on the pyridine ring does not occur

Harnessing Evolution of Multi-Turn Conversations for Effective Answer Retrieval

With the improvements in speech recognition and voice generation technologies over the last years, a lot of companies have sought to develop conversation understanding systems that run on mobile phones or smart home devices through natural language interfaces. Conversational assistants, such as Google Assistant and Microsoft Cortana, can help users to complete various types of tasks. This requires an accurate understanding of the user's information need as the conversation evolves into multiple turns. Finding relevant context in a conversation's history is challenging because of the complexity of natural language and the evolution of a user's information need. In this work, we present an extensive analysis of language, relevance, dependency of user utterances in a multi-turn information-seeking conversation. To this aim, we have annotated relevant utterances in the conversations released by the TREC CaST 2019 track. The annotation labels determine which of the previous utterances in a conversation can be used to improve the current one. Furthermore, we propose a neural utterance relevance model based on BERT fine-tuning, outperforming competitive baselines. We study and compare the performance of multiple retrieval models, utilizing different strategies to incorporate the user's context. The experimental results on both classification and retrieval tasks show that our proposed approach can effectively identify and incorporate the conversation context. We show that processing the current utterance using the predicted relevant utterance leads to a 38% relative improvement in terms of nDCG@20. Finally, to foster research in this area, we have released the dataset of the annotations.Comment: To appear in ACM CHIIR 2020, Vancouver, BC, Canad

COULOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF QUATERNIZATION OF POLYVINYLPYRIDINES.

The extent of quaternization can be monitored by determining the bromide ion concentration. When samples are dissolved in acetic acid, bromide ion is formed, the concentration of which depends on the degree of quaternization of the polyvinylpyridine. The electrogenerated iodine(I) forms a stable compound IBr with the bromide ion. It was established experimentally that electrophilic substitution by the iodine(I) on the pyridine ring does not occur

On forest management strategy in Russia

An analysis of a numerous official documents and publications reveals a serious crisis of forest management in Russia. Collapse of the forest economy has resulted from shocking changes at the end of the 20th century and accepting a new Forest Code, approved in 2006, in which any reference to forestry disappeared. Forest management paradigm, defined by the Forest Code ideologues, will lead inevitably to the Russian forest fund degradation. Meanwhile, forestry is a productive industry, which follows market rules. For this reason, forest management should be reconstructed in Russia. A principle of forestry revival will be impartial ecological and market economic assessment of forest resources, which would be instrumental in transition of the subsidized scheme of forest management financing to a system that would provide rational forestry and a profit. Forestry comprises an inseparable triad: forest inventory, forest economics, and forest management. It is within this triad that more specific issues of rational forestry and sustainable forest use are to be solved. When state­owned forests are under market conditions, it is impermissible to sell forest resources priced below cost of their production. In view of this, market transition of forest use is crucial to establish payments for standing timber based on rental income. This will guarantee the financing of reforestation as well as assignments to the budget at the different levels. Chief reorganization objective of forest management in Russia is outlined as follows: ensuring economic efficiency of the forest sector; sustainable use of forest resources and reforestation; forest conservation for future generations

COULOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF QUATERNIZATION OF POLYVINYLPYRIDINES.

The extent of quaternization can be monitored by determining the bromide ion concentration. When samples are dissolved in acetic acid, bromide ion is formed, the concentration of which depends on the degree of quaternization of the polyvinylpyridine. The electrogenerated iodine(I) forms a stable compound IBr with the bromide ion. It was established experimentally that electrophilic substitution by the iodine(I) on the pyridine ring does not occur

COULOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF QUATERNIZATION OF POLYVINYLPYRIDINES.

The extent of quaternization can be monitored by determining the bromide ion concentration. When samples are dissolved in acetic acid, bromide ion is formed, the concentration of which depends on the degree of quaternization of the polyvinylpyridine. The electrogenerated iodine(I) forms a stable compound IBr with the bromide ion. It was established experimentally that electrophilic substitution by the iodine(I) on the pyridine ring does not occur

A Mixed-Method Analysis of Text and Audio Search Interfaces with Varying Task Complexity

Voice-based assistants have become a popular tool for conducting web search, particularly for factoid question answering. However, for more complex web searches, their functionality remains limited, as does our understanding of the ways in which users can best interact with audio-based search results. In this paper, we compare and contrast user behaviour through the representation of search results over two mediums: text and audio. We begin by conducting a crowdsourced study exposing the differences in user selection of search results when those are presented in text and audio formats. We further confirm these differences and investigate the reasons behind them through a mixed-methods laboratory study. Through a qualitative analysis of the collected data, we produce a list of guidelines for an audio-based presentation of search results

Forecast for the dynamics of forests in Krasnoyarsk Krai

Dynamics of the forest ecosystems connects closely with the natural and anthropogenic changes (succession processes, forest fires, windfalls, forest insects, forest diseases, forest harvesting, reforestation, the infrastructure development associated and not associated with forestry and so forth). Authors do not consider the up-to-day problem of global warming on the Earth, as opinions of scientists are controversial. Retrospective analysis of forest dynamics of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for the last 50 years has allowed to assess the impact of these changes on condition of forests. The univocal conclusion of deterioration of forest quality has been drawn. Area of coniferous forests has decreased by 9 %, including the 25 % reduction of mature and overmature forest stands. To forecast forest dynamics, modelling of natural and anthropogenic processes in the forest ecosystems has been applied, taking into account that the existing system of measures for reforestation and tending care of forest actually does not affect dynamics of the forests. The provision about increase in forest harvesting volume to 37.6 million м3 of the Development Strategy of the Krasnoyarsk Forest Industrial Complex has been used for forecasting. It has been proved that such scale of forest harvesting will inevitably lead to the over-cutting of ecological and economic accessible allowable cut that will negatively affect the forest condition in 50 years. Our forecast of forest dynamics of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for the next 50 years has showed that negative changes will continue at the same pace under the current extensive form of forest management. What is more, the maximum decrease of forest area might be in pine forests (32.9 %) with the significant increase of broadleaves forests – 22.7 %. To improve the situation in the Russian forest sector, a radical change in the system of forest management is needed