VIBRATION TRAINING: OLD-NEW CHALLENGES AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION

The need to get 'fit' has resulted in a planetary fitness centre expansion, which has by the principle of cause and effect brought out a massive number of different fitness exercising programmes, methods, equipment and props, with an aim to achieve better and faster training results, i.e. the wanted transformational anthropological status. The new fitness programs are emerging almost every day, which in spite of a vast marketing support and a current publicity are forgotten very fast. Within those conditions, in order to achieve satisfaction and trust of your clients, the offered programmes need to produce wanted effects in regards to the transformation of targeted abilities or characteristics of those who perform exercises. This presents constant challenges to the fitness industry, along with the obligation to seek for optimum, scientifically accepted and proven exercising methods. It is because of those reasons that the professional fitness centres are interested in introducing and applying only proven training methods, using highly sophisticated and technologically advanced equipment. This paper deals with a detail analysis of vibration training methods as one of the three methods which have been developed through a research designed for the astronauts. It was released into public after the fall of the “Berlin Wall 1989” and opening the secret USSR and USA documents. The current research defines the related units starting from epistemology of the vibration training, its application as an alternative to developing conditional capacities (strength, muscle endurance, increasing mobility, elasticity, muscle coordination and the balance between reduced pain and muscle tone, increasing peripheral circulation, etc.) clinical use in physiotherapy and vibration training (in regards to strength increase, power, flexibility, mineral bone density, increased cardio-vascular functions as well as reducing pain) and vibration training as one of the means to athlete recovery (body's regeneration processes) so as to prevent negative training effects (the development of overtraining and chronic fatigue). Each of the units will contain information which is relevant to the theory and practice in sport, recreation and convalescence of athletes and patients.  Article visualizations

Hand Grip Strength in Students: Differences in the Gender Dimorphism

The hands are anatomically specialized for manipulative tasks with different physical objects, where they can cope with certain loads with different forces and intensity. During various physical and sports activities, the hands produce the appropriate muscular force for gripping, which manifests as the hand grip's force. For this reason, hand grip strength (HGS) is recognized as a limiting factor in all manipulative activities performed by the cranial part of the body. The current research included a sample of 22 subjects, 16 male Body Height (BH=180.28±4.65cm); Body Weight (BW=80.05±9.96kg), Body Mass Index (BMI=24.61±2.74kg/m²) and 6 female subjects Body Height (BH=167.42±11.11cm); Body Weight (BW=64.80±10.09kg); Body Mass Index (BMI=23.02±1.57kg/m²) on the third year of study at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. This study aimed to determine the maximum isometric muscle force of the handgrip and differences between the same gender of students. A t-test for small samples was applied for data processing, and the relevant statistical parameters were calculated. The obtained t-test results confirmed statistically significant differences between the so-called dominant and non-dominant hands in male subjects (t=4.158; p<0.05) and female subjects (t=3.176; p<0.05). The obtained results of this research will be used for analytical and diagnostic purposes with a wide range of activities in the population of physical education and sports students (assessment of physical ability, trends, and tendencies to monitor and change abilities, influence on the implementation of certain curricula of some subjects studied at the faculty, etc.)

RACE WALKING: INVERSION OF FUNCTION FROM THE ASPECT OF SPEED AND RESULT SUCCESS

Race walking (RW) is a cyclic athletic discipline, of aerobic character, which is characterized by high intensity and high energy consumption. The result is correlated with the anthropological dimensions of the walker as well as good technical performance. The study includes 25 male students, third year of study, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in East Sarajevo. For the purposes of the research, the results of RW at 2km (criterion variable) were measured, on the basis of which average values of walking speed (WS) were calculated. The aim of the research was to determine the correlation between the achieved result depending on the walking speed. By applying the Pearson product of the correlation moment, the obtained results confirmed a significant and high correlation between the result and the walking speed (r = -0.988;

DOES OBSESSION OF IRRATIONAL STACKING ANABOLIC STEROIDS WITH TRENBOLONE ACETATE OVER DECADES LEADS TO GENERAL, CARDIOVASCULAR OR SOCIAL DEVIATION PROBLEM IN YOUNG ADULTS, OR JUST BIGGEST MUSCLE MASS IS EQUAL HIGHEST SOCIAL REPUTATION IN GYM AND IS THIS ALL PRICE HEALTH WORTH? - CASE REPORT

Inconspicuous epidemic of anabolic steroids application among young recreational athletes contributes to a greater potential damaging of the overall cardiovascular and mental state of obsessed individuals. All of them turn to anabolic steroids without a rational concept and take them in big amounts with unbelievable irrational combinations (stacking) of anabolic steroids of wide spectrum and questionable quality from black market with the aim to satisfy their pathological obsession of subjectivity of muscle mass, strength and appearance. An examinee, 36 years old (with the height of 182 cm and the weight of 168 kg), recreational amateur power lifter comes to doctor because of the subjective hardships in the form of tiredness and occasional pain in chest area with exact location (on the level of sternum and pectoral muscles), denies retrosternal pain. Also, he reports dizziness and occasional leg pain. He suspects that he has insufficiency of artery peripheral circulation. Personally, he also names frequent insomnia, decrease of tolerance levels alongside tolerated aggressiveness and anger attacks with auto mutilation and periodical depression  Article visualizations

DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL FITNESS PROFILES OF ATHLETES IN CYCLIC ACTIVITIES (RUNNING, CYCLING, BIATHLON)

Endurance-type disciplines (running, cycling, biathlon) define the cyclic structure of an athlete's movements, which, in addition to functional parameters, also includes an adequate fitness profile. Based on the detection, analysis and evaluation of these parameters, it is possible to define the fitness profile of the competitors as well as possible mutual differences. The current case study analyzes the fitness profile of competitors of three different disciplines (middle and long distances, cycling, ski biathlon) of top-level competitors, members of national teams. The study was conducted: Uroš Gutić (UG) - runner middle and long distances, member of AK "Sarajevo" and the BIH athletic national team; Milan Milivojević (MM) – cyclist, member of Cycling club "Borac" Čačak (Serbia), and the member Serbian national team; Stefan Lopatić (SL) – ski biathlete, member SK "Romanija" Pale, and BIH national team. A total of 12 parameters were measured to assess the fitness profile (repetitive strength, explosive strength, speed and agility). The results recorded considerable homogeneity of the sample with mutual differences. In addition to mutual differences, all study participants are characterized by an extremely good fitness profile, as shown by the measurement results.  Article visualizations

CAN THE IRREGULAR ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (ASA) THERAPY COMBINED WITH INTERVAL TRAINING EXERCISE PROGRAM INCREASE THE CLAUDICATION DISTANCE IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH FEMORO-POPLITEAL STENOSIS AGE OVER 55

The aim of the study was to estimate the increasing capability of claudications distance in Fontaine's stage IIa of peripheral artery disease by influence of irregular acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy and life style modification, combined with regular physical activity in diabetic and non-diabetic patients age over 55, in order to establish if there were any improvements in claudication distance in the both groups of patients. Method: This study was conducted from beginning of January, 2014 till end of January, 2015 at the Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo and included 60 patients age over 55 (30 patients who have diabetes mellitus and impellers group consisting of 30 patients who were clinically confirmed not to have diabetes mellitus), male and female, in stadium IIa of peripheral artery disease, with manifestation of mild claudication symptoms. For the testing of statistical significance of differences between the exanimated groups non-parameter and parameter tests were used. The difference at a level of p<0,05 was statistically significant. Results: In all the tested patients, we investigated increasing of claudications distance in diabetic and non-diabetic patients age over 55 years after one year study. Analysis shows the statistically significant influence of antiplatelet therapy (Acetylsalicylic acid) (ASA), combined with physical activity and life style modification on claudications distance over 500 meters in 25 patients without diabetes mellitus in (83% p<0,05), compared to 12 patents with diabetes mellitus (40% p<0,05). Sixteen of non-diabetic patients (53%) were on antiplatelet therapy over 4 years, on permanent treatment, compared to 4 diabetic patients or (3%) (p<0,05). Conclusion: These clinical combined factors appeared to us as being the main strategy of the therapeutic effect on enhancement of claudication distance (Fontaine's stage II) of peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus, as well as patients without it.  Article visualizations

THE VALUES OF FITNESS INDEX AND VO2max OF STUDENTS USING INDIRECT METHOD AEROBIC TESTS

Aerobic fitness, endurance, and cardiovascular endurance are synonyms for work capacity, which itself is an important prerequisite for the health and life of every man. A very common way of assessing the state of aerobic fitness of a particular population are diagnostic tests on the basis of which we receive the necessary information when it comes to general physical condition of a defined population. This diagnostic evaluation is usually performed in the laboratory (direct methods), however, available and reliable data are about high reliability in the performance of some field tests (indirect methods). Depending on the field conditions, very often these measurements are performed using estimates of general ability (test UKK 2km). To perform this test data about body height, body weight, BMI, the values of the pulse rate and walking time during the test must be contained in it. Based on testing using the UKK 2km are obtained Fitness Index values (FINDEX) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO²max) of 35 male students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of East Sarajevo (BIH) in order to determine and define the physical condition of respondents. The results showed that the fitness index (103.22) in the upper zone average (103.22) and VO²max = 49.12 reflects good shape, but still the results indicate toward decreasing trend in students' aerobic fitness, and  have fitness index values below the standard norms of the Swedish population. The general trend of decreasing aerobic fitness of the population can be seen in the sport and physical education students, as a consequence of lifestyle in which there is not enough adequate physical activity.  Article visualizations

THE DIFFERENCES OF KINEMATIC PARAMETERS POLE VAULT BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE FINALISTS WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP IN DAEGU, 2011

Kinematic parameters often crucially influence the performance in athletic disciplines. This is especially evident for top athletes who have almost identical morphological, motor and functional parameters. The differences that affect the sporting result are generally attributed to a better performance technique that is often the consequence of the different values of the individual's kinematic parameters. This study analyzes the differences between the defined kinematic parameters in the discipline Pole vault. The sample included 16 men and women athletes who competed in the finals of the World Championships (Daegu, 2011) and a total of 9 kinematic parameters were selected. The results were obtained by applying the T-test module for small independent samples, confirming the differences between men and women's finalists in Daegu, 2011. Statistically significant differences were recorded eight of nine kinematic parameters (about 89%). Significant differences were recorded in the following kinematic parameters: total run-up distance (T=5,312; p<0,01), number of steps (T=2,712; p<0,05), average step length (T=6,725; p<0,01), VA (T=18,430; p<0,01), AP (T=8,326; p<0,01); ¹average step length last (T=2,662; p<0,01); ²average step length last (T=8,303; p<0,01), ³average step length last (T=8,362; p<0,01).  Article visualizations

Effects of A 3-Week Modified Complex Training on Athletic Performance of Women's National Basketball Players

Basketball is one of the popular sports in the world, and physical performance is becoming increasingly important in basketball as the game evolves. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a 3-week modified complex training on athletic performance of women's national basketball players. An experimental study involved the participation of 12 highly trained female basketball players (national team of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Observed variables before and after 3-weeks of modified complex training were 300 yards test, 20-yards test, lane agility and beep test. Means and standard deviations for each of the variables were calculated, and differences pre-to-post performance changes were examined using a paired sample t-test. Three weeks of specific complex training sessions show a statistically significant increase in all tested variables, 300 yards (p≤.001); 20 yards (p≤.001); Lane agility (p≤.001) and beep test (p=.028). It can be concluded that applied complex training program has significantly improved studied parameters of condition preparation of elite female basketball players

The effects of recreational cardio fitness programs on the body composition of young women

Background and study aim. Group fitness programs are a form of programmed physical exercises with the aim of improving health, aesthetic appearance, satisfying the motivation to preserve health and reduce body weight. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an experimental cardio fitness program on the morphological status of female subjects aged 21.5 ± 3.5 years. Material and methods. The experimental program was implemented over a period of three months (12 weeks), with a weekly frequency (3 x 20-60 min). Initial and final measurements were performed and Body weight, Body fat percentage, Body fat mass, Free fat mass, Body muscle mass, Body mass index and Basal metabolism rate were analyzed. All test subjects have their doctor's confirmation that they are healthy and can undergo training loads in a planned and clearly defined cardio program. Results. The exercise program on cardio equipment caused changes in all body composition parameters between the initial and final measurements t-test (except for muscle mass). The total average Body weight at the initial-final measurement (66.45 vs. 64.70kg; t= 5.225, p<0.000), which represents a difference of -1.75kg after the program. Conclusions. The assumption is that a controlled and monitored program with a special focus on nutrition would lead to even more precise results on the effects on body composition. Continuous application of the content of this program throughout the entire one-year macrocycle with a higher weekly frequency would certainly give even more significant results