Correlational analysis and predictive validity of psychological constructs related with pain in fibromyalgia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fibromyalgia (FM) is a prevalent and disabling disorder characterized by a history of widespread pain for at least three months. Pain is considered a complex experience in which affective and cognitive aspects are crucial for prognosis. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of pain-related psychological constructs on function and pain in patients with FM.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Design</p> <p>Multicentric, naturalistic, one-year follow-up study.</p> <p><it>Setting and study sample</it>. Patients will be recruited from primary care health centres in the region of Aragon, Spain. Patients considered for inclusion are those aged 18-65 years, able to understand Spanish, who fulfil criteria for primary FM according to the American College of Rheumatology, with no previous psychological treatment.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>The variables measured will be the following: main variables (pain assessed with a visual analogue scale and with sphygmomanometer and general function assessed with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and), psychological constructs (pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, mental defeat, psychological inflexibility, perceived injustice, mindfulness, and positive and negative affect), and secondary variables (sociodemographic variables, anxiety and depression assessed with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and psychiatric interview assessed with MINI). Assessments will be carried at baseline and at one-year follow-up.</p> <p>Main outcome</p> <p>Pain Visual Analogue Scale.</p> <p>Analysis</p> <p>The existence of differences in socio-demographic, main outcome and other variables regarding pain-related psychological constructs will be analysed using Chi Square test for qualitative variables, or Student <it>t </it>test or variance analysis, respectively, for variables fulfilling the normality hypothesis. To assess the predictive value of pain-related psychological construct on main outcome variables at one-year follow-up, use will be made of a logistic regression analysis adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical variables. A Spearman Rho non-parametric correlation matrix will be developed to determine possible overlapping between pain-related psychological constructs.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>In recent years, the relevance of cognitive and affective aspects for the treatment of chronic pain, not only in FM but also in other chronic pain diseases, has been widely acknowledged. However, the relative importance of these psychological constructs, the relationship and possible overlapping between them, or the exact meaning of them in pain are not enough known.</p

Giant Frontal Osteoma: Case Report with Review of Literature

Diagnosis of frontal osteoma is usually by chance, but rarely these can produce exceptional ophthalmologic and neurological complications apart from cosmetic disfigurement. Etiology of frontal osteoma may be multifactorial. Surgical management should be site and size specific. A combination of open surgery and endoscopic methods would help confirm complete removal of the tumor. Here we report a fronto-ethmoidal osteoma of size 7.1 × 5.3 × 5.1 cm which is one of the largest reported in literature. Also, we have done an extensive web search and text based review of the literature on frontal osteoma in terms of its incidence, etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, complications and important developments in management. The available literature and our own experience suggest that even large osteoma arising in the fronto-ethmoid region can be completely removed surgically with minimum complications. The surgical approach can be varied according to the extent of the tumor and patient considerations. A regular follow up is necessary in asymptomatic cases being treated conservatively, in view of the potential complications

Osteomas fronto-etmoidais: aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos Fronto-ethmoid osteomas: clinical and surgical aspects

Introdução: Osteomas fronto-etmoidais são os tumores benignos mais freqüentes dos seios paranasais, podendo evoluir com complicações infecciosas e destruição das estruturas adjacentes. Apesar de serem relativamente freqüentes, poucos são os casos que necessitam de tratamento cirúrgico. Objetivo: Relatar um grupo de nove pacientes com osteoma frontal ou etmoidal, e discutir a apresentação clínica e o tratamento mais adequado desta doença. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo. Material e Método: Realizado estudo clínico prospectivo de nove pacientes, operados no HSPE-FMO e no Hospital São Luiz de São Paulo, no período de 1995 a 1999. O tratamento cirúrgico foi a opção terapêutica escolhida neste grupo. Foi avaliada a evolução clínica no pós-operatório. Resultados: Dos nove pacientes, cinco eram do sexo feminino e quatro do sexo masculino, com idade variando de 12 a 55 anos e com média etária de 39,55 anos. Todos os pacientes tiveram resolução do quadro inicial, sendo que apenas um evoluiu com seqüelas (hiposmia). Conclusão: Baseados na revisão bibliográfica e nos casos acompanhados, concluímos que as lesões localizadas próximas ao óstio de drenagem do seio frontal, as que ultrapassam os limites dos seios frontal e etmoidal, bem como aquelas localizadas no etmóide, devem ser tratadas cirurgicamente.<br>Introduction: Fronto-ethmoidal osteomas are the most frequent paranasal sinus benign tumor and they may envolve with either infectious complications and destruction of adjacent structures. Though they are relatively frequent, few of them are cases requiring surgery. Aim: To report on a group of nine patients with frontal or ethmoidal osteoma, as well as to discuss the clinical presentation and the most suitable treatment of this disease. Study design: Clinical prospective. Material and Method: A prospective clinical study of nine patients who were submitted to surgery at the HSPE-FMO (State Public Servants Hospital) of São Paulo, and at the São Luiz Hospital of the city of São Paulo, in the period from 1995 to 1999. The surgical treatment was the therapeutic option selected in this group. The clinical evolution was assessed during the postoperative period. Results: Of the nine patients, five were females and four a male, ages ranging from 12 to 55 years, with an average age of 39,55 years. All the patients had a resolution of the symptoms and only one of them presented sequels (hyposmia). Conclusion: Based on both the literature review and on the cases followed, the authors concluded that the lesions compromising the drainage of the frontal sinus osteos, those with destruction of the sinus limits as well as any ethmoidal tumors should be surgically treated