Combination of \u3c9-3 fatty acids and cisplatin as a potential alternative strategy for personalized therapy of metastatic melanoma: an in-vitro study.

The recently developed therapeutic strategies have led to unprecedented improvements in the control of metastatic melanoma and in survival of specific subgroups of patients. However, drug resistance, quite low response rates, and undesired side effects make these treatments not suitable or tolerable for all the patients, and chemotherapeutic treatments appear still indispensable, at least for subgroups of patients. New combinatory strategies are also under investigation as tailored treatments or salvage therapies, including combined treatments of immuno-therapy with conventional chemo-therapy. On this basis, and in consideration of the anti-neoplastic properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), we have here investigated the potential of these bioactive dietary factors to revert the resistance frequently exhibited by this form of cancer to cisplatin (CDDP, cis-Diaminodichloroplatinum). We demonstrated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6\u3c9-3) sensitizes the cells to the CDDP-induced inhibition of cell growth and migration by reverting CDDP effects on DNA damage and ERCC1 expression, as well as on the DUSP6 and p-ERK expression, which regulate ERCC1 activation upwardly. In line, DUSP6 gene silencing prevented the effect of DHA, confirming that DHA acted on the DUSP6/p-ERK/ERCC1 repair pathways to sensitize melanoma cells to the anticancer effect of CDDP. Similar effects were obtained also with eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5\u3c9-3). Overall, our findings suggest that the combination of CDDP treatment with a dietary supplementation with \u3c9-3 PUFA could potentially represent a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming CDDP resistance in metastatic melanoma

Diet of Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in three limnic systems in Southern Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

The aim of the present work was to study the diet of Lontra longicaudis in three limnic systems (anthropogenic shallow lakes, pluvial channel and coastal stream) in Rio Grande do Sul State coastal plain, southern Brazil. Fishes were the most consumed item in all the three systems, being Mugilidae the most representative family in the pluvial channel and coastal stream and Cichlidae in the shallow lakes. Other identified items were mollusks, insects, crustaceans, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and vegetal fragments. The high frequency of birds in the shallow lakes was remarkable, considering the lower frequencies of this item in previous investigations on the species diet. There was a high frequency of swamp eels (Synbranchidae, Synbranchus marmoratus) in the pluvial channel and shallow lakes, which were usually absent or found in low frequencies in previous studies