Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Effect of Long-Term Endurance Conditioning on Total Tract Apparent Digestibility of Fibers in Horses

peer reviewe

European outbreak of atypical myopathy in the autumn 2009.

Background: Atypical myopathy (AM) is an acute, severe rhabdomyolysis occurring in grazing horses. Since In the beginning of October 2009, a new outbreak affects started in several European countries. Geographic, demographic and clinical data of the reported cases in the month October 2009 are described. Key Findings: The survival rate over the month October 2009 was 25%. The most frequently observed clinical signs were congestedive mucous membranes, dyspnea, tachycardia, depression, weakness, stiffness, recumbency, trembling, transpirationsweating, and myoglobinuria. Non-survivors were significantly more often likely to be recumbent than survivors. Prognostic factors, symptomatic treatment and preventive measures are discussed. Significance: Slight differences were encountered during the described outbreak of AM in October 2009 compared to previous studies. Equine practitioners should be alert aware that previous epidemiological studies have shown that after a high prevalence this autumn, for new cases are likely to occur in the upcoming spring 2010