Sociology - Lithuania

Analysis of the pre-1989 situation; Redefinition of the discipline since 1990; Core theoretical and methodological orientations; Thematic orientation and funding; Public space and academic debates; Views on further development

Monografinis metodas sociologijoje

In contrast to selective and complete studies where a great amount of objects with a lower number of indices are observed, in a monographic research one social object (a city or town, an enterprise, a village, a family} is described by a larger number of indices. The leading principle of the monographic method lies in the arrangement of the data of a sociological research so as to underline the unity of structural components of a social object. In the article the constructions of sociological monographs of the villages of Žmiąca and Kopanka are presented and a brief estimation of a monograph by W. Staniewicz on the village of Matuizos-Balandiškės is given.Straipsnis skirtas monografinio metodo sampratai ir tipams. Apibūdinami pagrindiniai monografinio metodo bruožai, principai, parodomas jo santykis su kitais tyrimo metodais, šio metodo taikymo galimybės. Apžvelgiamos šio metodo tradicijos Lietuvoje. Pagrindiniai monografinio metodo sociologijoje pranašumai – plati objekto analizė, jo struktūrinių dalių ryšio nustatymas, ypač tiesioginio stebėjimo naudojimas, reiškinio lokalizavimas leidžia išsamiau, nors ir siauresnėje teritorijoje, ištirti socialinius objektus. Kad monografiniai atskirų socialinių vienetų tyrimai būtų reprezentatyvūs, reikia tipologizuoti socialinius objektus. Monografinis metodas leidžia atlikti diagnostinius lyginamuosius tyrimus, taip pat pateikia medžiagos atskirų regionų socialinės raidos analizei. V. Stanevičiaus darbas (sociologinė monografija apie Matuizų Balandiškių kaimą) yra nuoroda į perspektyvinį lyginamąjį tyrimą, galintį užfiksuoti minėtos vietovės socialinius reiškinius, analizuojant juos šiuoaikinės tarybinės sociologijos metodų pagalba. Tai bene vienintelis empirinio pobūdžio darbas to laikotarpio Lietuvos sociologijoje

Marginalized women: the features of the way of life

The paper aims to reveal the problems of existence of marginal women, the features of their lifestyle and feelings. Based on historical and ethnographic literature, women’s stories, fragments of their life stories, non-formal interviews (15 respondents were interviewed), the author describes their social experience. Marginals are the increasingly outstanding part of society, associated with unemployment, poor material state, other social problems; their images are of concern to society. According to the community, being marginal means ineffective participation in the labour process and poor family condition. Perceiving themselves as stigmatised, avoiding negative evaluation and suspicion, the poor try to restrict communication and withdraw into their own group. Researchers and social workers, non-governmental organisations should create a more exhaustive information base about the composition of the poorest layers and their social parameters. Social services have to better know the needs of the poor and analyse their satisfaction possibilities. Separated from communities, not integrated in small groups, poor women might become not only inactive but also hostile to democratic civil society. They should be supported not only materially (especially by providing shelter for the night), but they also should be provided with psychological rehabilitation services and involved in various occupation groups. Suffering, pain and shame are the typical states of existence of marginal women in the community. Not full families (in which mother and children are united) survive due to ascetic consumption and women’s efforts