The Effect Of Post-Harvest Storage Temperature And Drying Method On The Pathogen Load Of Edible Kelp

The American seaweed industry is growing, primarily into the edible sector, and as a result, more seaweed products are available for human consumption. It is necessary to evaluate the safety of industry’s current post-harvest storage and processing methods to ensure the risk of foodborne pathogens on edible seaweed remains low. We evaluated the pathogen load of edible kelp post-harvest under three different storage temperatures (4˚C, 10˚C, 20˚C) and two different drying methods (air- and freeze-drying). The focal pathogens for this project were six of the most common food-associated pathogens in the United States: Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We tested all six pathogens under each treatment condition on both sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) as these are the most commonly farmed and wild-harvested species in Maine, respectively. We inoculated a known concentration of pathogen onto freshly harvested kelp, treated it under a storage temperature or drying method, and sampled it over time to determine the impact of treatment on pathogen load. Our results showed that storage at 20˚C led to replication while storage at 4˚C and 10˚C were effective at halting the replication of focal pathogens; however, as expected, no storage temperature resulted in notable pathogen death. On the contrary, both air-drying and freeze-drying were effective means to produce significant log scale reductions in surface pathogen load for all focal species. For both kelp species and a majority of pathogens, air-drying reduced pathogen load more than freeze-drying. Lastly, storing dried kelp for 6-weeks further reduced pathogen load across all cases. These results are promising for industry as they corroborate historical evidence that current post-harvest storage and processing conditions are producing products safe for human consumption

A study of relationships made between events in American history textbooks for secondary schools

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University, 1948. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

The ninth man, a story

Mode of access: Internet.Spec. copy: In original dust jacket.

Management of iatrogenically exposed maxillary sinus with a broken periosteal elevator trapped inside

Foreign bodies may be ingested after being inserted into an oral cavity or deposited in the body by traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Accidentally left out foreign materials are common complications of dental procedures including apical deposition of endodontic materials, sub-mucosal amalgam pieces, graphite tattoos and traumatically introduced dental materials and instruments. Once a foreign material is left behind within a soft and/or hard tissue, it promotes local inflammation and infection that may cause pain and/or destruction within the surrounding tissues. This article presents a case of retrieval of iatrogenically broken periosteal elevator trapped in the maxillary sinus

I've come to stay : a love comedy of Bohemia /

Frontispiece by A.W.B. (Arthur William Brown)Mode of access: Internet

The Passaic textile strike, 1926-1927 /

Mode of access: Internet

Comparative evaluation of fracture load resistance and retention of polyethylene fiber post with enhanced retentive omega-shaped short post in primary anterior teeth: An In vitro study

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effective method for restoring badly mutilated primary anterior teeth, by comparing the fracture load resistance of polyethylene fiber post with composite resin short post containing omega-shaped stainless steel wire. Subjects and Methods: Sixty carious deciduous incisors, with 2/3 root length remaining, were endodontically treated and divided into two groups. Group I consisted of thirty samples of Ribbond fiber post and Group II consisted of thirty samples of resin short post with omega-shaped stainless steel wire. They were tested under the universal testing machine for fracture resistance, and the fracture site was noted under the stereomicroscope. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were statistically analyzed using Windows IBM SPSS 8.0 and Student's t-test. Results: Resin short post with omega-shaped stainless steel wire showed a statistically significant high fracture resistance and retention when compared with Ribbond fiber post. Conclusions: Insufficient fiber length and shape of the fiber post had reduced its resistance to fracture, whereas resin short post and omega-shaped wire have got synergistic action when they are used together resulting in increased resistance and retention to fracture