Moral choice and responsibility: historical examples and the present

The article discusses the features of decision-making on the basis of moral choice. Analyzes the socio-philosophical ideas about moral and ethical component of legal requirements. Provides examples of understanding by the employees of law enforcement bodies of Russia the functional purpose of the police. Announced the formation of responsible behavior as the result of moral education.В статье рассматриваются особенности принятия решений на основании морального выбора. Анализируются социально-философские представления о морально-этической составляющей правовых предписаний. Изложены примеры понимания сотрудниками правоохранительных органов России функционального предназначения полиции. Заявлено о формировании ответственного поведения как результата нравственного воспитания

The efficacy of high-dose cabergoline treatment of prolactinomas resistant to standard doses: a clinical observation

Hyperprolactinemia (HP) is one of the most common neuroendocrine disorders. In 60% of cases, pathological HP is caused by pituitary prolactin-secreting adenoma. Therapy with agonists of dopamine type 2 receptors (D2 receptor agonists) is a method of choice for the treatment of pathological HP which allows to achieve prolactin normalization and reduction of pituitary adenoma in most cases. However, 15-20% of patients are resistant to D2 receptor agonists, and the question of overcoming this resistance is highly relevant. Different approaches are considered to solve this problem, one - is to increase the dose of D2 receptor agonists up to the maximally tolerated. In this article, we present a clinical observation of a patient with a partial resistance to D2 receptor agonists who demonstrated a good response to treatment with high doses of cabergoline

Acute and Long-Term Effects of Hyperthermia in B16-F10 Melanoma Cells

OBJECTIVE: Hyperthermia uses exogenous heat induction as a cancer therapy. This work addresses the acute and long-term effects of hyperthermia in the highly metastatic melanoma cell line B16-F10. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Melanoma cells were submitted to one heat treatment, 45°C for 30 min, and thereafter were kept at 37°C for an additional period of 14 days. Cultures maintained at 37°C were used as control. Cultures were assessed for the heat shock reaction. RESULTS: Immediately after the heat shock, cells began a process of fast degradation, and, in the first 24 h, cultures showed decreased viability, alterations in cell morphology and F-actin cytoskeleton organization, significant reduction in the number of adherent cells, most of them in a process of late apoptosis, and an altered gene expression profile. A follow-up of two weeks after heat exposure showed that viability and number of adherent cells remained very low, with a high percentage of early apoptotic cells. Still, heat-treated cultures maintained a low but relatively constant population of cells in S and G(2)/M phases for a long period after heat exposure, evidencing the presence of metabolically active cells. CONCLUSION: The melanoma cell line B16-F10 is susceptible to one hyperthermia treatment at 45°C, with significant induced acute and long-term effects. However, a low but apparently stable percentage of metabolically active cells survived long after heat exposure

Peasant settlers and the ‘civilizing mission’ in Russian Turkestan, 1865-1917

This article provides an introduction to one of the lesser-known examples of European settler colonialism, the settlement of European (mainly Russian and Ukrainian) peasants in Southern Central Asia (Turkestan) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It establishes the legal background and demographic impact of peasant settlement, and the role played by the state in organising and encouraging it. It explores official attitudes towards the settlers (which were often very negative), and their relations with the local Kazakh and Kyrgyz population. The article adopts a comparative framework, looking at Turkestan alongside Algeria and Southern Africa, and seeking to establish whether paradigms developed in the study of other settler societies (such as the ‘poor white’) are of any relevance in understanding Slavic peasant settlement in Turkestan. It concludes that there are many close parallels with European settlement in other regions with large indigenous populations, but that racial ideology played a much less important role in the Russian case compared to religious divisions and fears of cultural backsliding. This did not prevent relations between settlers and the ‘native’ population deteriorating markedly in the years before the First World War, resulting in large-scale rebellion in 1916