A36 The TP53 mutations in the Russian patients with de novo DLBCL

BackgroundTP53 dysfunction is implicated in lymphomagenesis and disease progression. Information about the frequency and spectrum of TP53 mutations in the Russian pathients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the current version of the IARC TP53 Mutation Database R17 is not represented. The goal of this work was to study the frequency, spectrum and functional significance of TP53 mutations in Russian patients with DLBCL.Material and methodsAt the present time the pilot group of 14 patients were included in the study. Diagnosis was assessed according to the criteria of the WHO classification system. Genomic DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks. Direct sequence analysis of gene TP53 was performed according to the IARC protocol, 2010 update.ResultsIn two patients were identified single nucleotide substitutions that are not described in the current version of the PubMed database. All of mutations occurred in the DNA-binding domain of p53. The nonsense mutation Arg196Ter was detected in one patient. Previously it was shown that formation of this premature stop codon might activate the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway. The second patient had two missense mutations – Leu130Phe and Arg156Cys. The first of them leads to p53 inactivation according to the analysis of the functional importance of amino acid substitutions using service PolyPhen-2.ConclusionWe detected TP53 mutation in 14% cases. The mutational rate in our study is in good agreement with other studies where the frequency of the TP53 mutations in patients with DLBCL ranged mostly from 13% to 23%

Foreign Language as One of the Tools for Forming Adolescents’ Emotional Intelligence and Critical Thinking

Статья посвящена рассмотрению урока иностранного языка как инструмента формирования важнейших навыков XXI в. — эмоционального интеллекта и критического мышления. Рассмотрены принципы эмоционального интеллекта; проанализирована связь между эмоциональным интеллектом и универсальными («мягкими») навыками; представлены виды упражнений.The article considers a foreign language lesson as a tool to form the most important skills of the XXI century — emotional intelligence and critical thinking. The principles of emotional intelligence; the relationship between emotional intelligence and the soft skills; the types of exercises are presented

The practice of using the project method in online foreign language lessons and its role in the formation of critical thinking of adolescents

Целью данного исследования является анализ и обобщение практического опыта применения метода проектов при обучении подростков иностранному языку (английский) и результаты наблюдения за уровнем развития их критического мышления посредством организации проектной деятельности. Приведенные результаты наблюдения показывают, что проектная деятельность является своеобразным катализатором развития данного мягкого навыка у подростков, благоприятно влияет на мотивацию при изучении иностранного языка и рекомендован авторами в качестве одного из перспективных инструментов организации обучения.The purpose of this study is to analyze and summarize the practical experience of using the project method in teaching teenagers a foreign language (English) and the results of monitoring the level of development of their critical thinking through the organization of project activities. The above observation results show that project activity is a kind of catalyst for the development of this soft skill in adolescents, has a positive effect on motivation when learning a foreign language and is recommended by the authors as one of the promising tools for organizing learning

DETOXICATION OF PESTICIDE AND OTHER TOXIC SUBSTANCE REMAINS IN SOIL WITH THE HELP OF NANOMATERIALS Dedicated to the blessed memory of

Abstract: Intensification of agricultural production involves a larg

Outstanding Graduates of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University of the first half of the XX Century

The article introduces into scientific circulation new information about the outstanding graduates of the Orenburg State Pedagogical University of the first half of the 20th century. The study is based on documents from the State Archives of the Orenburg Region and the archives of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “OGPUВ статье введена в научный оборот новая информация о выдающихся выпускниках Оренбургского государственного педагогического университета первой половины XX в. Исследование основано на документах из Государственного архива Оренбургской области и архива ФГБОУ ВО «ОГПУ».Исследование подготовлено при поддержке РФФИ, грант №17-39-50001

Microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis: diversity and clinical and diagnostic significance

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infectious non-inflammatory disease in women of reproductive age. The key feature of BV is that in the  absence of a specific pathogen, the disease develops against the background of vaginal biotope dysbiosis. According to the opinion of some authors, initially, the main role of BV in the pathogenesis was assigned to the species G. vaginalis. However, using of molecular methods made it possible to significantly expand the range of microorganisms found in women with BV, and to identify Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp., Prevotella spp. as the primary causative agents of BV. A number of studies have confirmed the sexual transmission of BV pathogens, with a new sexual partner being significant risk factors for episodic BV, and sexual contact with the same partner without using barrier methods of contraception for recurrent BV. At the same time, BV-associated bacterias  rarely exist as planktonic forms of one species, more often, they thrive in complex polymicrobial communities surrounded by an extracellular matrix, the so-called biofilms. In patients with BV, biofilms are detected in 90% of cases. G. vaginalis and Prevotella bivia are widespread in women with BV and, being the primary colonizers, create a bacterial biofilm, to which secondary colonizers can subsequently join, including A. vaginae, Sneathia spp. and potentially other BVABs. The resistance of bacterias in the biofilm to antimicrobial drugs is 1000 times higher than of planktonic forms, which can lead to chronicity of the infectious process and torpid course of the disease.The aim of this review was analyzing of modern studies on the prevalence, characteristics of opportunistic microorganisms associated with BV, to present their clinical and diagnostic significance and role in the pathogenesis of  diseases

Features of the Composition of the Colon Microbiota in Children of the First Year of Life with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Background. The development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in children, especially in the first year of life, is a key factor in the formation of an altered colon microbiota and its formation in older age. The article presents both clinical-detailed anamnesis, symptoms of FGID, and bacteriological characteristics – qualitative and quantitative composition of the colon microbiota in children of the first year of life.Aim: to determine the features of the colon microbiota in children of the first year of life with FGID.Materials and methods. The objects of the study were children of the first year of life (n = 28) with a diagnosis of FGID established by a gastroenterologist. The material was divided into two comparison groups, depending on the age of the subjects: the first group included stool sample cultures of children aged from birth to 6 months (n = 17), the second – from 6 to 12 months (n = 11). The bacteriological study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the contents of the colon was performed using standard methods.Results. According to the anamnesis, colic and flatulence were the key symptoms of FGID (p < 0.05). The results show that the formation of FGID in children from birth to 6 months and from 6 to 12 months may be associated with altered colon microbiota. There was a decrease in the quantitative indicators of the indigenous microbiota: bifidobacteria, E. coli with normal sensitivity and Enterococcus spp., and an increase in the degree of contamination of Klebsiella spp., S. aureus, Clostridium spp.Conclusion. It is shown that the determining factor in reducing the risk of developing FGID in children of the first year of life is a high concentration and diversity of indigenous microbiota

Effects of аntimicrobials on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilm formation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most problematic pathogens in medical institutions, which may be due to the ability of this microorganism to exist in a biofilm, which increases its resistance to antimicrobials, as well as its prevalence and survival ability in the external environment. This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains in planktonic and biofilm forms. We studied 20 strains of P. aeruginosa collected during 2018–2021 by specialists from the Laboratory of Microbiome and Microecology of the Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems. The identification of strains was carried out using test systems for differentiating gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria (NEFERMtest 24 Erba Lachema s.r.o., Czech Republic), and confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the degree of inhibition of cell growth in planktonic and biofilm forms (on a flat-bottomed 96-well plastic immunological plate). All clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were biofilm formers, 47.6 % of the isolates were weak biofilm formers, and 52.4 % of the isolates were moderate biofilm formers. Planktonic cells and the forming biofilm of the tested P. aeruginosa strains were carbapenems-resistant. Biofilm formation was suppressed in more than 90 % of cases by the agents of the cephalosporin and aminoglycoside groups. Antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa strains in the formed biofilm was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05). Carbapenems and cephalosporins did not affect the mature biofilms of the tested P. aeruginosa strains in more than 60 % of cases. Only non-beta-lactam antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and amikacin) suppressed the growth of planktonic cells and destroyed the mature biofilm. The revealed differences in the effect of the tested antimicrobials on the P. aeruginosa strains biofilms correlate with resistance to a number of antibiotics. To prevent biofilm formation in the hospital strains of P. aeruginosa, the use of ceftazidime may be recommended, and antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin and amikacin may be used to affect mature biofilms of P. aeruginosa

Frequency of strains with multiple antibiotic resistance in the structure of opportunitistic pathogens

Background. The problem of antibiotic resistance has remained significant for the medical community for more than half a century, since the first cases of resistance to penicillin were registered.   The aim. Analysis of the long-term dynamics of changes in the antibacterial resistance of microorganisms and the creation of a collection of multi-resistant strains of opportunistic microorganisms.   Materials and methods. The study included data from 3173 bacteriological samples of various loci of the human body for 2010 and 2020–2021. The sensitivity of isolated cultures was determined by the disk diffusion method to antimicrobial drugs of the following groups: penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides and others.   Results. In the general structure of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, a significant increase in the frequency of isolation of multidrug-resistant representatives of the genus Staphylococcus by two or more times was observed in 2021 compared to 2010 and 2020. We also observed a significant increase in the proportion of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus spp. and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. These changes marked the beginning of the creation of a collection of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms with multiple antibacterial resistance. In the structure of multiresistant microorganisms included in the “Collection of human microbiota of the Irkutsk region”, the leading positions belong to Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.81 %), Escherichia coli (19.05 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (22.22 %).   Conclusion. Antibiotic resistance monitoring is an important measure to control the resistance of community-acquired and nosocomial (nosocomial) microorganisms both within a particular country and globally

Pathomorphological feature options spontaneous interruption of pregnancy of early terms

The purpose - studying pathomorphology an abortive material at patients with spontaneous interruption of pregnancy of early terms. Complex inspection of 257 women of the reproductive period of the life, suffering miscarriage pregnancy of early terms (till 12 weeks) is spent. It is established, that leading structural signs of not developing pregnancy are an accruing reduction embryo-chorionic circulation in a combination with involution villous chorion, prevalence of large and average parametres of chorionic villi with disappearance of vessels, necrobiosis and sclerosis of their stroma, involution of decidual tissue. Typical structural changes at a spontaneous abortion: a prevalence in villous chorion avascular villi with hydropic changed and focus of necrosis in stroma, corresponding in the sizes tertiary (mesenchpal) villi, atrophic changes chorion epithelium with disappearance trophoblast cell, unripe decidual cells. The morphological method is informa-tive enough for an establishment of authentic or indirect signs of the interrupted pregnancy. At the present stage practically in all cases miscarriage pregnancy the infectious-inflammatory factor takes place.Цель - изучение патоморфологии абортного материала у пациенток с самопроизвольным прерыванием беременности ранних сроков. Проведено комплексное обследование 257 женщин репродуктивного периода жизни, страдающих невынашиванием беременности ранних сро-ков (до 12 недель). Установлено, что ведущими структурными признаками неразвивающейся беременности являются нарастающая редукция эмбрио-хориального кровотока в сочетании с инволюцией ворсинчатого хориона, преобладание крупных и средних параметров ворсин со склеротическими изменениями их стромы и явлениями гиповаскуляризации, инволюцией децидуальной ткани. Типичные структурные изменения при самопроизвольном выкидыше: превалирование в ворсинчатом хорионе аваскуляризированных ворсин с гидропически измененной и очагово некротизированной стромой, соответствующих по размерам мелким третичным (мезенхимальным) ворсинам, атрофические изменения хориального эпителия с исчезновением клеточного трофобласта, преобладание незрелых и созревающих децидуоцитов. Морфологический метод является достаточно информативным для установления достоверных или косвенных признаков прервавшейся беременности. На современном этапе практически во всех случаях невынашивания беременности имеет место инфекционно-воспалительный фактор