Teenagers’ vandalism and the importance of parent-child relationships in addressing it

Vandalism in the urban environment is a common phenomenon but is difficult to evaluate. The scale of damage caused by vandalism is rarely analyzed, and therefore a limited number of scientific works are devoted to the phenomenon of vandal behavior and the identification of its causes. While the role of the family in the formation of deviant behavior is indicated by many researchers, the context of vandalism and the issue of family determination remains open. This article studies the parents’ styles of upbringing and their preparation for teenagers’ vandal behavior. By identifying the degree of influence of the family in the formation of such a destructive form of interaction between teenagers’ and the material environment it is possible to identify a group of teenagers who are ready to commit acts of vandalism. An attempt is made to correlate child-parent relations with teenagers’ motivational readiness to commit acts of vandalism. To study the relationship of child-parent relations and teenagers’ vandal behavior, data was collected (using psycho-diagnostic techniques) from 60 teenagers and their parents from complete and incomplete families, the socially well-off and the socially disadvantaged. The results were processed using descriptive statistics, MANOVA and linear regression analysis. It was found that parental upbringing styles play a decisive role in initiating vandalism, while the educational effects of mother and father have their own specific characteristics. The results can be used in the organization of social support for children from socially disadvantaged families in order to prevent vandalism and its radicalization. © 2018, Kazan Federal University. All rights reserved

The Model of Prevention of Vandal Behavior Provided by the Deformations and Destructions of Valuable Sphere of Youth

The aim of the present article is to discuss current opportunities for prevention of vandal behavior of young people, taking into account the structural features of valuable sphere of teenagers and young men. Methods. Methods involve psychognostic techniques such as an axiological questionnaire by S. Schwarz, a questionnaire «Motives of vandal behaviour» by I. V. Vorobyeva, O. V. Kruzhkova, S. A. Ostrikova; method of theoretical modelling. Results. Vandalism is described as a fairly common phenomenon among young people, which may be the result not only of deviant orientation of the individual, but also the result of a mismatch of individual values of teenager or young man and imposed by society requirements for his value orientations. 832 teenagers took part in the complex psychological studies. The following four different groups of respondents have been identified and studied: – with an agreed system of prosocial value orientations; – respondents with a mismatched (deformed) system of values; – respondents with a destructive (antagonistic) system of value orientations; – respondents with agreed antisocial system of value orientations. The model of prevention of vandalism among young people is developed on the basis of the psychological characteristics of these groups and the description of the genesis and causes of vandal behavior with following applying the method of theoretical modeling. This model is based on the principles of accounting axiological aspects of regulation of activity, consideration of personal values as a dynamic system, taking into account the degree of stability of the system of individual value orientations, differentiation and depth of the psychological impact of variation in the choice of forms and methods of psychological influence. The recommendations are proposed; the most appropriate psychological work aspects with each of the groups of respondents are described. Scientific novelty. The proposed authors’ model involves personal values that are considered as a dynamic system. Fundamentally new approach to prevention interventions is realised: the model focuses not so much on sanctions actions as on technologies of psychological influences on the problem personality; and formation of steady prosocial strategy of person’s behaviour. Practical significance. The research findings and the application of the proposed model can be useful while planning of educative work in terms of educational institutions by the teachers, administrators and parents, as it provides the possibility to organize selective and point events to prevent destructive behavior of pupils and students, taking into account the characteristics of their value and the scope of actual problems in the manifestation of activity  Целью статьи является обсуждение актуальной проблемы современности – подросткового и юношеского вандализма – и возможностей его профилактики на основе особенностей структуры ценностей этого возраста. Методы и методики. В ходе исследования применялись психодиагностические методики: ценностный опросник Ш. Шварца и опросник «Мотивы вандального поведения» И. В.Воробьевой, О. В.Кружковой, С. А.Остриковой, а также метод теоретического моделирования. Результаты. Показано, что вандализм, который достаточно распространен в молодежной среде, может быть результатом не только девиантных наклонностей личности, но и следствием рассогласования ее индивидуальных ценностей и предъявляемых социумом требований к нравственным ориентирам. Среди 832 подростков и юношей, принявших участие в комплексных психологических исследованиях, были выделены и изучены четыре группы респондентов: с согласованной системой просоциальных ценностных ориентаций, рассогласованной (деформированной), деструктивной (антагонистической) системами ценностей и c согласованной асоциальной системой ориентаций. На основании психологических характеристик этих групп и описания генезиса вандального поведения разработана модель профилактики и предупреждения данного явления. В модели учитываются аксиологическая регуляция активности (ценностная детерминация любого поведенческого акта, действия, деятельности), степень индивидуальной устойчивости системы ценностных ориентаций; возможна дифференциация глубины психологических воздействий и их вариативность при выборе профилактических форм и методов. Сформированы рекомендации и описаны направления психологической работы, наиболее адекватные для каждой из выделенных групп молодежи. Научная новизна. В предлагаемой авторами модели, где личностные ценности рассматриваются как динамическая система, реализуется принципиально новый подход к профилактике и предотвращению вандализма: модель ориентирует не столько на санкционные мероприятия, сколько на технологии психологических воздействий на проблемную личность и формирование у нее устойчивой просоциальной стратегии поведения. Практическая значимость. Использование описанной модели при проектировании воспитательной работы в учебных заведениях позволит оптимизировать усилия педагогов, администрации и родителей, поскольку предусматривает возможность проведения точечных мероприятий по профилактике деструктивного поведения учащихся с учетом особенностей их ценностной сферы и индивидуальных особенностей в проявлении активности 

Value of Safety of Anticoagulant Therapy in Elderly Patient with Atrial Fibrillation and High Risk of Bleeding

The review article discusses  the safety issue of anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and high risk of bleeding.  An evidence base is presented demonstrating the high safety of rivaroxaban in patients over 80  years of age,  with a high risk of bleeding  and cardiovascular complications,  the presence of comorbid  pathology, geriatric syndromes  and chronic kidney disease (including in combination with anemia). The problem of low adherence to treatment in elderly patients and the possibility of solving it were separately considered

SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF YOUTH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE INTERNET IMPACT

Introduction. Today, the process of socialization of modern youth takes place in absoutely other circumstances in comparison with former generations. The social activity of young people and teenagers is being developed not only in real but also in virtual space. The Internet environment, where new generation representatives actively manifest themselves, has significant effect on their life goals and behaviour. This influence can be positive and useful, on the one hand, and negative, on the other, deforming human mind and own personality. The aim of the present article is to identify, describe and analyze social and psychological factors of youth susceptibility to psychological and informational impact of the Internet environment. Methodology and research methods. A method of sociological questioning was applied to find out the characteristics of young people behaviour in virtual space, degree of their involvement in “a world web”, and intensity of the Web-based interaction. Psychodiagnostic methods by A. V. Smirnov “Semantic universals of the information and cultural environment” were used for studying the peculiarities of young people attitude to the Internet. Results and scientific novelty. The features of attitudes of young people towards the use of the Internet, degree of their virtual environment immersion, frequency of usage and behaviour models on the Internet are considered. A risk group among examinees (data sample – n = 277, 14–25 years) is marked out and characterized. The representatives of this group showed high activity on the Internet, however, they do not draw attention to the Internet content: their relation to virtual space is based on aprioristic recognition of its need and usefulness with the accompanying denial of any propaganda of dangerous ideas and behaviour models which can endanger psychological health, own wellbeing and wellbeing of other people.Practical significance. The data obtained can be used for effective prevention of negative impact of information and social content of the Internet on young people singled out as a risk group.Введение. Процесс социализации современной молодежи происходит в иных, в сравнении с прежними поколениями, условиях. Социальная активность молодых людей и подростков разворачивается не только в реальном, но и в виртуальном пространстве. Среда Интернет, где активно проявляют себя представители нового поколения, имеет существенное влияние на их жизненные ориентиры и поведение. Это влияние может быть как позитивным и полезным, так и отрицательным, деформирующим сознание и личность. Цель данной статьи – вычленить, описать и проанализировать социально-психологические факторы восприимчивости молодежи к психологическим и информационным воздействиям интернет-среды. Методология и методики исследования. Для выявления характеристик поведения в виртуальном пространстве пользователей подросткового и юношеского возраста, степени их включенности в «мировую паутину» и интенсивности взаимодействия со средой Интернет применялся метод социологического анкетирования; изучение специфики молодежного коммуницирования с Интернетом производилось с помощью психодиагностической методики А. В. Смирнова «Семантические универсалии информационно-культурной среды» (СДИКС). Результаты и научная новизна. Рассмотрены особенности отношения молодых людей к интернет-пространству, степень их погруженности в виртуальную среду, плотность контактирования с нею и модели поведения в Интернете. Среди испытуемых (численность выборки – n = 277, возраст – 14–25 лет) выделена и охарактеризована группа риска, представители которой отличаются высокой активностью в интернет-среде, однако некритичны к ее контенту: их отношение к виртуальному пространству базируется на априорном признании его необходимости и полезности с сопутствующим отрицанием возможности в нем манипуляций, пропаганды опасных идей и моделей поведения, угрожающих психологическому здоровью, собственному благополучию и благополучию других людей. Практическая значимость. Полученные в ходе описанного в публикации исследования данные могут быть использованы при разработке мер профилактики и эффективного предотвращения негативного воздействия информационного и социального контента на группу риска юных пользователей сети Интернет.Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project № 16–29–09512)Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований (проект № 16-29–09512

Fortification of food with micronutrients: development of methodological and regulatory framework in the Russian Federation

The available scientific literature, domestic and international regulatory codes of normative documents concerning the fortification of various types of food products have been analyzed. The groups of food products of conventional and regular consumption included into the diets of all categories of consumers, recommended for fortification with essential micronutrients, have been determined: wheat and cereal flour (spelt wheat, buckwheat, oat, corn flour, etc.); pastry; milk and dairy products, including ice cream; non-alcoholic soft drinks; mineralized drinking water; fruit and vegetable juices; fat and oil products (vegetable oils, margarines, spreads, mayonnaise); confectionery and sweets (pastry, sugar, chocolate); cereals (breakfast cereals, muesli, ready-to-eat extruded cereals, instant pasta and cereals, mixtures for bakery, flour for sweet pastry); food concentrates (jelly, instant drinks, concentrates of sweet foods, instant food, instant cereal concentrates); table salt. The groups of food products assigned for certain categories of population are used as part of therapeutic diets for patients with various diseases (metabolic disorder syndrome, cardio-vascular system pathology with atherosclerotic vascular injury, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal tract diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetic nephropathy, etc.), as well as assigned to reduce the risk of diseases developing, the nutrients are recommended for targeted fortification of certain types of food. Examples of micronutrients fortification of sausages and minced meat semifinished products are given below. Requirements for fortification of mass consumption food products and for fortification of foods for special dietary uses are formulated in this article, the amount of fortifying components in the various groups of food products are justified, ensuring their efficiency for improving the micronutrient status and safety of its consumption. Based on the analysis of the available scientific literature, domestic and international regulatory framework of normative documents on fortification of various types of food products, recommendations have been developed for fortification of food with micronutrients

Postinfectious syndrome of convalescentsixodes tick-borne borreliosis

The aim: to study the psycho-vegetative status of the quantitative contents of serotonin in blood platelets in patients after the Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis, to evaluate the clinical efficiency treatment by adamantilfenilamin of postinfection asthenia.Materials and methods: there was clinical supervision and inspection conducted of 118 convalescents borreliosis after a course of inpatient treatment. All patients were examined using psychovegetative tests. Platelet serotonin concentration levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. For the treatment of postinfectious asthenia 36 convalescents received adamantilbromfenilamin in a dose of 100 mg for 25 days.Results: when tested convalescents marked change in indicators of emotional and personality disorders. Quantitative study of blood platelet serotonin content revealed a significant decrease in this indicator relative to control values. Study the correlations between obtained when testing the psycho-emotional parameters and platelet serotonin levels showed a negative correlation between serotonin and an indicator of reactive anxiety (R = -0,81, p <0,05). To correct these violations convalescents with severe asthenia postinfection were treated adamantilfenilamin. Established clinical efficacy contributing to the improvement of the quality of life.Conclusion: the research of neurotransmitter serotonin in patients during the convalescence period after borreliosis possible to evaluate the extent of potential damage to the nervous tissue in the inflammatory process and its involvement in the formation of anxiety and depressive symptoms. adamantilbromfenilamin can be recommended for rehabilitation patients with residual effects in the form of postinfectious asthenia

Formation of synergetic effect of human resource management of business organization

The article presents the contents of synergetic effect of human resources management of business organization which can be seen in excess of the sum of results of work of all employees as human capital bearers above the results of work of individual employees with unique professional competencies together with knowledge, abilities and experience as the sources of competitive strengths of business organization. Predictions of development of business organization taking into account the influence of possibility of formation of synergetic effect on different stages of human resources life cycle are presented

Склонность к социальному серфингу среди молодежи России: региональная специфика

Introduction. The phenomenon of social surfing, as a specific mobility strategy, largely determines the life of Y and Z generations, and creates an ambiguous context in terms of threats and opportunities for the formation of life trajectories of Russian youth. This actualised the search for theoretical and methodological foundations of understanding and practical tools for assessing the state of this problem, which, in turn, made it possible to scale this phenomenon in the context of the modern youth environment in Russia. The aim of the present research was to identify the degree of loyalty and potential tendency to use the "social surfing" strategy by the representatives of young people in Russian regions, taking into account the assessment of the approval of gender models of this behaviour strategy. Research methodology, methods and techniques. The methodological framework for describing the phenomenon of social surfing is based on the social topology of M. Castells, the heterological concept of the rhizome by J. Deleuze and F. Guattari, the philosophy of mobility by J. Urry, Z. Bauman, U. Beck, the theory of transitivity (E. M. Dubovskaya, T. D. Martsinkovskaya, E. A. Kiselev), the studies of the specifics of youth identity and self-realisation in social space (M. C. Schippers, N. Ziegler, M. Loreto Martínez, P. Cumsille, A. K. Vikulov, T. V. Plotnikova and others) and the modern concepts of happiness (M. Argyll, D. A. Leontiev, A. L. Zhuravlev and others) The study was conducted in different regions of Russia (Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Kazan, Ulyanovsk, Glazov) using psychodiagnostic methodology "Propensity to social surfing of young people" developed by the authors. The study involved young people (N = 510 people aged 18-27 years old, among them female - 68 %, male - 32 %). Results and scientific novelty. It was found that 11.2 % of young men and women approve of social surfing, evaluate its behavioural model as positive and allow similar options for choosing their own life trajectory. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in loyalty to the social surfing strategy among young people living in different regions of the Russian Federation: the greatest loyalty was manifested by the young residents of Ekaterinburg, Glazov, and Kazan, while the residents of Chelyabinsk predominantly demonstrated a negative attitude to this strategy. The respondents showed an unequal attitude towards male and female social surfing models: with a relatively condescending attitude towards the male model, social surfing of women is frowned upon and is associated with weakness and statement. Meanwhile, the approval of the male model of social surfing creates certain risks of marginalisation and value-semantic anomie among young people. The practical significance of the conducted research is due to the potential possibilities of using the data obtained for choosing approaches to work with young people in the conditions of their high mobility, as well as for creating educational and professional trajectories. © 2021 Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. All rights reserved.The current research was supported by the grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project No. 16-33-01057 OGN

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INVOLVEMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN EXTREMIST GROUPS IN THE INTERNET ENVIRONMENT

Abstract. The aim of the article is to consider the psychological characteristics of involvement of youth in extremist community through the Internet. Methods. The theoretical analysis and modeling were used as the main methods.Results. The Internet is described as a means and space of psychological influence on young people, which can be both positive and negative. Absorption of teenagers, boys and young men, in a virtual space essentially converts their activity and, as a result, transform the leading activity, which in turn leads to different mental tumors. Three main effects from the exposure of the Internet are found out: «the effect of the goals of drift», mythology and «the effect of excitement»; their impact on the individual in each age periods is noted. Consideration of the main motivational reasons, taking into account the specifics of building human interaction with the environment made it possible to identify and describe the main types of behavioural patterns exhibited by young people on the Internet. The degree of activity of young people in the network is described from the perspective of integrated strategies of behaviour: information blocking, changes in the distance, control, transformations. Risk groups of users, the most susceptible to extremist manipulations are designated. «Vulnerability areas» of representatives of each group are summarized and described; a step-by-step algorithm of victims’ involvement in extremist communities by recruiters is described.Scientific novelty of the present study consists in discussion of one of the most acute problems of the present – the changed conditions of a growing and socialization of younger generation; constant stay in network virtual space is an integral part of today’s existence, wherein unformed and immature person is very vulnerable to the influence of extremist content. To prevent the increased potential threat of involvement of young people in destructive, asocial and criminal activity, the authors suggest to draw close attention and to subject to the purposeful attacks of extremist communities. Detailed studying of social and psychological features of network behaviour of youth being affected by the dangerous content will help to provide well-timed prophylaxis of extremist moods among young people.Practical significance. The materials of the research can be used to identify and effectively prevent the influence of extremist groups on young Internet users.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научно- исследовательского проекта «Интернет как инструмент формирования психологической готовности молодежи к экстремистскому поведению», проект № 16-29-09512Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научно- исследовательского проекта «Интернет как инструмент формирования психологической готовности молодежи к экстремистскому поведению», проект № 16-29-0951

Multi-Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – the Problem of Modern Phthisiology

The 21st century is characterized by the exacerbation of the problem formation and spreading of drug-resistant strains throughout the world. Genetic mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lead to the formation of drug-resistant forms because of long-term use of anti-tuberculosis drugs. The Russian Federation is among the top three countries with a high burden of tuberculosis with multidrug resistance (MDR). The estimated number of cases of tuberculosis with MDR in the Russian Federation was 60,000, which corresponds to half the burden of the European Region in 2015. In the Irkutsk region from 2014 till 2018 the proportion of TB cases with MDR cases increased from 15.2 % to 18.3 %. According to the reference laboratory of the Irkutsk Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital, a significantly higher level of MDR among primary diagnosed was registered in the cities (27.7 %) and the lowest in rural areas of the region (16.5 %). Among the cohorts of patients with tuberculosis, the highest proportion of MDR was in the northern territories of the region (43.1 %), in Irkutsk district (41.2 %) and in large cities, including Irkutsk (38.5 %). Positive correlations were established between cohort of primary diagnosed TB with MDR and among populations in areas with high morbidity along the railway (r = 0.91; p = 0.00001), in the Irkutsk region (r = 0.89; p = 0,00008), and also in the Irkutsk city (r = 0.91; p = 0.00002). This is probably due to the influence of reservoir of tuberculosis infection formed in these localities. The regulatory documents of the Ministry of Health of the Irkutsk Region was developed on the basis of the data obtained, and they include recommendations for improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the region using fast and accelerated microbiological diagnostic methods