Teenagers’ vandalism and the importance of parent-child relationships in addressing it

Vandalism in the urban environment is a common phenomenon but is difficult to evaluate. The scale of damage caused by vandalism is rarely analyzed, and therefore a limited number of scientific works are devoted to the phenomenon of vandal behavior and the identification of its causes. While the role of the family in the formation of deviant behavior is indicated by many researchers, the context of vandalism and the issue of family determination remains open. This article studies the parents’ styles of upbringing and their preparation for teenagers’ vandal behavior. By identifying the degree of influence of the family in the formation of such a destructive form of interaction between teenagers’ and the material environment it is possible to identify a group of teenagers who are ready to commit acts of vandalism. An attempt is made to correlate child-parent relations with teenagers’ motivational readiness to commit acts of vandalism. To study the relationship of child-parent relations and teenagers’ vandal behavior, data was collected (using psycho-diagnostic techniques) from 60 teenagers and their parents from complete and incomplete families, the socially well-off and the socially disadvantaged. The results were processed using descriptive statistics, MANOVA and linear regression analysis. It was found that parental upbringing styles play a decisive role in initiating vandalism, while the educational effects of mother and father have their own specific characteristics. The results can be used in the organization of social support for children from socially disadvantaged families in order to prevent vandalism and its radicalization. © 2018, Kazan Federal University. All rights reserved

Fortification of food with micronutrients: development of methodological and regulatory framework in the Russian Federation

The available scientific literature, domestic and international regulatory codes of normative documents concerning the fortification of various types of food products have been analyzed. The groups of food products of conventional and regular consumption included into the diets of all categories of consumers, recommended for fortification with essential micronutrients, have been determined: wheat and cereal flour (spelt wheat, buckwheat, oat, corn flour, etc.); pastry; milk and dairy products, including ice cream; non-alcoholic soft drinks; mineralized drinking water; fruit and vegetable juices; fat and oil products (vegetable oils, margarines, spreads, mayonnaise); confectionery and sweets (pastry, sugar, chocolate); cereals (breakfast cereals, muesli, ready-to-eat extruded cereals, instant pasta and cereals, mixtures for bakery, flour for sweet pastry); food concentrates (jelly, instant drinks, concentrates of sweet foods, instant food, instant cereal concentrates); table salt. The groups of food products assigned for certain categories of population are used as part of therapeutic diets for patients with various diseases (metabolic disorder syndrome, cardio-vascular system pathology with atherosclerotic vascular injury, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal tract diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetic nephropathy, etc.), as well as assigned to reduce the risk of diseases developing, the nutrients are recommended for targeted fortification of certain types of food. Examples of micronutrients fortification of sausages and minced meat semifinished products are given below. Requirements for fortification of mass consumption food products and for fortification of foods for special dietary uses are formulated in this article, the amount of fortifying components in the various groups of food products are justified, ensuring their efficiency for improving the micronutrient status and safety of its consumption. Based on the analysis of the available scientific literature, domestic and international regulatory framework of normative documents on fortification of various types of food products, recommendations have been developed for fortification of food with micronutrients

Sea buckthorn cultivars promising for mechanized harvesting by cutting fruit-bearing branches

Background. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is the main berry crop in the horticultural production of Altai Territory and occupies the largest growing area among berries in Russia. Meanwhile, further expansion of commercial plantations is limited by known bottlenecks in harvesting. In this context, new technological solutions in harvest mechanization are considered one of the primary tasks. A promising way is the cutting of fruit-bearing branches. At the same time, the development of cultivars suitable for such harvesting technique is very important.Materials and methods. Thirteen cultivars and selected forms of sea buckthorn developed at the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies were taken as research material. To evaluate the productivity of top branches, three of them with a length of 70–100 cm were cut from the plants of each accession. Fruit detachment force was assessed using a Dina-2 device. Dispersion analysis was applied for statistical interpretation.Results. Productivity of top branches as well as agronomic and biological characteristics of sea buckthorn fruits were studied. Accessions 87-93-1, 111-05-3 and 378-06-1 were identified for high productivity of their top branches and for predomination of the generative part over the vegetative one. The highest number of berries per bud (5.4–5.9 pieces) was observed in accessions 87-93-4, 32-01-1, 378-06-1 and 111-05-3. Cv. ‘Afina’ demonstrated for its high level of vegetative and generative productivity. Selected forms 111-05-3, 32-01-1 and 4-93-11 with low fruit detachment force (136.8–155.1 g) are promising for shaking without prior freezing.Conclusion. Selected forms 111-05-3, 378-06-1 and 32-01-1 were recognized as most promising for harvesting by branch cutting

Peculiarities of Recognition of Basic Emotions by Carriers of BDNF, COMT, DRD2 and HTR2A Genotypes

The paper presents the results of a study of the features of recognition of basic emotions presented using images of actors on a computer monitor. Respondents were presented with images of actors with expressions of joy, anger, fear, surprise, disgust and sadness. In the course of the genetic study, biomaterials were taken (buccal scraping), followed by DNA extraction and genotyping by the polymerase chain reaction method (Biological Solutions and Technologies, Moscow). Genotyping of study participants was carried out for genes BDNF, COMT, DRD2, and HTR2A. As a result of the analysis of variance, it was found that genotypes for the COMT gene are associated with the accuracy of recognizing the emotion of anger. Genotypes for the DRD2 gene are associated with the recognition time of the emotions of anger, sadness, and joy.Приведены результаты исследования особенностей распознавания базовых эмоций, предъявляемых с применением изображений актеров на мониторе компьютера. Респондентам предъявлялись изображения актеров с выражениями радости, гнева, страха, удивления, отвращения и печали. В ходе генетического исследования был проведен забор биоматериала (буккального соскоба) с последующим выделением ДНК и генотипированием методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ООО «Биологические решения и технологии», Москва). Проводилось генотипирование участников исследования по генам BDNF, COMT, DRD2 И HTR2A. Выявлено, что генотипы по гену COMT ассоциированы с точностью распознавания эмоции гнева. Генотипы по гену DRD2 связаны с временем распознавания эмоций гнева, печали и радости.Исследование выполнено при поддержке РФФИ по гранту 18-013-01019

EMPATHY AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS

A pronounced ability for empathy and high emotional intelligence are considered as important components of the profession of a psychologist. The study of empathy abilities and emotional intelligence of students-psychologists in comparison with students of the control group was carried out. The results obtained indicate a high level of empathy abilities among psychology students and the relationship of empathy ability with emotional intelligence and its components.Выраженная способность к эмпатии и высокий эмоциональный интеллект рассматриваются как важные составляющие профессии психолога. Выполнено исследование способностей к эмпатии и эмоционального интеллекта студентов-психологов в сравнении со студентами контрольной группы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о высоком уровне способностей к эмпатии у студентов-психологов и о взаимосвязи способности к эмпатии с эмоциональным интеллектом и его компонентами

Genetic Correlates of Emotional Intelligence

В работе приводятся результаты исследования генетических коррелятов эмоционального интеллекта. Для оценки эмоционального интеллекта у 400 здоровых взрослых обследуемых применялись объективный тест эмоционального интеллекта Д. Майера, П. Саловея, Д. Карузо и самоотчетные опросники эмоционального интеллекта. Было проведено генотипирование участников исследования по генам COMT, DRD2, HTR2A, BDNF. Получены данные о том, что эмоциональный интеллект выше у носителей генотипа Val/Met гена COMT, генотипа C/С гена DRD2, генотипа A/A гена HTR2A.The paper presents the results of the study of genetic correlates of emotional intelligence. To assess the emotional intelligence, 400 healthy adults were applied to the objective test of the emotional intelligence D. Mayer, P. Salovey, D. Caruso and self-reported questionnaires of emotional intelligence. The genotyping of the participants was carried out by COMT, DRD2, HTR2A, BDNF genes. Data is obtained that the emotional intelligence is higher in the carriers of Val/Met genotype COMT gene, C/C genotype DRD2 gene, A/A genotype HTR2A gene.Исследование выполнено при поддержке РФФИ, грант 18‑013‑01019

Soviet Recreation Park as a Project of the 1930s: Metropolitan Patterns and Provincial Practices

Статья посвящена восстановлению логики формирования сети парков культуры и отдыха в Советском Союзе и выявлению реальных условий существования провинциальных парков. Выделены ключевые черты проектов парков, показана динамика их развития. На материале протоколов общих собраний в парторганизации ЦПКиО им. В. Маяковского (г. Свердловск), которые авторы впервые вводят в научный оборот, раскрыты и описаны трудности первых лет работы парков, а именно отсутствие квалифицированного персонала, постоянные трансформации проектов парка и недостаток финансирования. Сделан вывод, что на таком проблемном фоне первоочередной задачей администрации парков являлась организация нормального функционирования, а задачи идеологической обработки посетителей с целью формирования нового советского человека на данном этапе не ставились.The article is devoted to the restoration of the logic of the formation of a network of recreation parks in the Soviet Union and the identification of the real conditions of existence of provincial parks. The key features of park projects are highlighted, the dynamics of their development is shown. The authors for the first time introduce into scientific circulation the minutes of general meetings in the party organization of the Central recreation park named after V. Mayakovsky (Sverdlovsk). The difficulties of the first years of the parks are disclosed and described on the material of these minutes, namely: the lack of qualified personnel, constant transformations of the parks project and lack of funding. It is concluded that due to such serious problems, the main task of the park administration was to organize normal functioning. The tasks of ideological influence on visitors in order to form a new Soviet person were not set at this stage.Исследование выполнено за счет средств гранта РФФИ, проект № 20-411-660005 «Специфика конструирования гражданственности в 1920–2010-х гг. на материале публичных парковых пространств г. Свердловска/Екатеринбурга».The study was funded by a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-411-660005 “The Specifics of the Construction of Citizenship in the 1920s–2010s. based on the material of public park spaces in Sverdlovsk/Yekaterinburg”

Viability of causative pathogen in patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant forms of respiratory tuberculosis

To predict outcomes of tuberculosis we investigated the viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in relation to drug resistance of strains and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis. During the study on solid Löwenstein - Jensen medium, we determined the speed, growth rate and drug resistance of MBT in 5945 cultures, isolated from the sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis - residents of the Irkutsk region (2193 -from newly diagnosed patients, 3752 - from previously treated patients). The criterion of high viability of MBT was the growth rate of >100 colonies over 20 days; and low viability corresponded with the growth rate of 30 days. 2171 cultures (36.5 %) had high viability of MBT strains, 3021 (50.8 %) - low, and 753 (12.7 %) cultures had average degree of viability. A high degree of pathogen viability was more often determined in newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (all patients with HIV-infection without antiretroviral therapy), fibrotic-cavernous and infiltrative tuberculosis. Among previously treated patients with tuberculosis the high viability of MBT was often determined in patients with fibrous-cavernous and infiltrative tuberculosis, and caseous pneumonia. Cultures from previously treated patients with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes had low degree of viability. The number of drug-sensitive strains was 1992, drug-resistant ones - 3953, including 1430 strains with multidrug resistance. We have found that 37.5 % drug-resistant strains associated with a high degree of viability (multidrug resistance - 38.5 %), it's was more often than the drug-sensitive (35.4 %; p < 0.01)