Bewertung von Pflanzenbeständen und Milchleistung in Ökobetrieben Nordwestdeutschlands

In order to produce high quality forages, the species composition of the grass sward is of special importance. A good measure for estimating the quality of grass swards is the so-called mean Futterwertzahl of the sward by Klapp (1965) which is further referred to as Sward Quality Index (SQI). On 56 organic farms the average SQI of the farm has been calculated and the yield proportion of different species of the sward has been calculated for different regions of Northwest Germany. Within 22 organic farms with grassland farming exclusively, a comparison of the milk yields (kg ECM/cow and year) and the mean SQI of the grassland has been calculated with special regard to the concentrate rates fed to the cows. In tendency the results show lower SQI in farms with lower milk yields in comparison to farms with higher SQI. However, the evaluations show high variations, indicating, that other factors (management, animal health problems, cutting dates and forage quality factors) might have influenced the result

Kraftfuttergaben und Milchleistung bei Weidegang von Milchviehherden im ökologischen Landbau

During grazing, the efficiency of concentrate feeding on milk yields is low, especially when white clover is present in the sward (Wilkens et al., 1994). Clover in animal feed enhances forage intake; feeding trials have shown increased intake rates by 15-30 % (Paul, 2003). These results are of special interest for organic farms, where clover has a higher impact on the farming system. In the experimental organic farm of the Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen (Haus Riswick) the concentrate rate fed during grazing time showed no influence upon milk yields (2,6 resp.4,7 kg DM concentrate/ animal/day). In agreement with these results a three years investigation on 89 organic farms in Northwest Germany showed no effect of concentrate feeding on milk yield during the grazing season. Furthermore, a reduction or increase of concentrate rates during the grazing season did not show any differences in animal health so far

Rotating system for four-dimensional transverse rms-emittance measurements

Knowledge of the transverse four-dimensional beam rms-parameters is essential for applications that involve lattice elements that couple the two transverse degrees of freedom (planes). Of special interest is the removal of inter-plane correlations to reduce the projected emittances. A dedicated ROtating System for Emittance measurements (ROSE) has been proposed, developed, and successfully commissioned to fully determine the four-dimensional beam matrix. This device has been used at the High Charge injector (HLI) at GSI using a beam line which is composed of a skew quadrupole triplet, a normal quadrupole doublet, and ROSE. Mathematical algorithms, measurements, and results for ion beams of 83Kr13+ at 1.4 MeV/u are reported in this paper.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure