A novel coupling control with decision-maker and PID controller for minimizing heating energy consumption and ensuring indoor environmental quality

Due to climate change, global energy crisis, and high-quality life requirement for people, decreasing building energy consumption and enhancing indoor environment quality through control of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems tend to be increasingly important. Therefore, favorable control methods for heating and ventilation systems are urgently necessary. In this work, a new coupling control with decision-maker was proposed, developed, and investigated; meanwhile, several demand controlled ventilation strategies combined with heating control method was compared considering heating energy consumption, thermal comfort, and indoor air quality. In order to properly model the service systems, the air change rates and thermal time constants have been first measured in a reference office installed with commonly applied bottom-hinged tilted windows in our low-energy building supplied by geothermal district heating. Then, simulations have been carried out across two typical winter days in the reference office. The results illustrate that the proposed combination of suitable heating and demand controlled ventilation coupling control methods with decision-maker and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller could greatly reduce heating consumption in the reference room during the office time: around 52.4% (4.4 kW h energy saving) per day in winter in comparison to a commonly suggested method of intensive and brief airing. At the same time, it could ensure indoor CO2 concentration to keep within the pre-set ranges (Pettenkofer limit: 1000 ppm) as well as low variations of indoor temperature (standard deviation (SD): 0.1°C)

Entwicklung von Cytomegalievirus-Vektoren fuer den Gentransfer in Haematopoetische Vorlaeuferzellen Schlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: DtF QN1(85,35) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Aufbereitung und Integration von Einstufungen, Kennzeichnungen, finalen Stoffbewertungen sowie Hinweisen auf medizinische Notfallmassnahmen fuer eine abgestimmte Stoffdatei des Bundesministers fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit

According to the regulations on the use of chemicals and on the transport of dangerous goods the classification and labelling characteristics of 3900 dangerous substances, as stated in March 1991, have been incorporated into the federal quick reference data bank GSA. The simultaneous presentation of classification reveals the hazards at different exposure conditions and provides help for the emergency services in accidents. For the time being, there is no information for medical emergency treatment of chemical intoxications on a national level. Alternatively the international maritime Medical First Aid Guide (MFAG) was taken into account in this project. When allocating of GSA entries to the MFAG table numbers it was noticed that the MFAG is in need for revision by medical and systematic reasons. The project resulted in a revision of the MFAG by the International Maritime Organization IMO. An extension of the MFAG scope towards a multimodal medical guide for use in accidents involving dangerous goods is envisaged. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(94-068) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Beitrag zur Analytik von Patulin und Alternaria-Toxinen in Obst- und Gemueseprodukten

TIB: RA 5470 (1984,1)+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Bis-(tri-n-butyl-zinn)-oxid: Vergleichende Pruefung des Einflusses von Einzel- und Paarhaltung auf die subchronische orale Toxizitaet unter Einbeziehung reproduktionstoxikologischer Parameter nach 13woechiger Verabreichung ueber das Futter und nach 3woechiger Nachbeobachtung an der Japanischen Wachtel (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

An avian toxicity study in the Japanese quail was conducted with Bis-(tributyltin)-oxide (TBTO). Test diets containing 0, 150 and 375 ppm were fed for a 13-week period followed by a 3-week recovery period. The animals of each dose group were housed either single or in pairs. The test animals were observed daily for mortality, abnormal behavior, and signs of toxicity. Body weight, food consumption, egg production, eggshell thickness, fertility, hatchability, number and weight of chicks also were measured. No treatment related mortality occured and no signs of intoxication were observed in any group. Changes of phosphate and iron levels were measured in blood plasma of female adults only. Egg production (number of eggs, mean egg weight), eggshell thickness and quality, fertility, hatchability were reduced at 375 ppm. The 6week reproduction test has shown similar effects of TBTO which were obtained during the 13 week period. All toxic effects were reversible 3 weeks after termination of TBTO feeding. In animals housed either single or in pairs the reproductive effects of TBTO were almost identical. Nevertheless single housing of Japanese quails should be preferred because housing in pairs showed a greater degree of injuriesSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 8908(93-025) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Einfuehrung, Standardisierung und Weiterentwicklung von in vitro- und in vivo-Mutagenitaetssystemen Abschlussdatum: April 1984

TIB: RN 8908 (84-052) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards (RICORS 1.0): A Guide to Conducting and Reporting Human Whole‐Room Calorimeter Studies

Whole-room indirect calorimeters have been used to study human metabolism for more than a century. These studies have contributed substantial knowledge to the assessment of nutritional needs and the regulation of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in humans. However, comparing results from studies conducted at different sites is challenging because of a lack of consistency in reporting technical performance, study design, and results. In May 2019, an expert panel was convened to consider minimal requirements for conducting and reporting the results of human whole-room indirect calorimeter studies. We propose Room Indirect Calorimetry Operating and Reporting Standards, version 1.0 (RICORS 1.0) to provide guidance to ensure consistency and facilitate meaningful comparisons of human energy metabolism studies across publications, laboratories, and clinical sites